Why Are Drugs Classified in the Categories They Are Essay Example for Free

Why Are Drugs Classified in the Categories They Are raise1.Why atomic number 18 drugs classified in the categories they are?The term drug class gener aloney refers to the area affected by a drug or its proceeds on the body (BIO-316V mental faculty 2 Lecture, 2012). Many drugs prat fit into more than one category, but they are usually classified by their cure action. A drugs therapeutic category refers to its purposethe diseases or conditions it reports (Drug Classifications, 2013). Drugs can also be classified by the chemical type of the busy ingredient.2.Give a description of the actions of drugs in each category. Central Nervous SystemAnticonvulsants These drugs are utilize to control/ keep back seizures in patients who have epilepsy, seizure disorders, traumatic brain injuries, or other cerebral disorders ((BIO-316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012). Antidepressants These drugs are used to treat neurotransmitter deficiencies (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). It can take weeks for the drug to reach the grab fall level to have the desired effect. Antianxiety/sedative medications These drugs are used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines enhance the actions of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gammaaminobutyruc acid. Agents in both classes are effective sedative-hyp nonics , antianxiety agents, and anticonvulsants. (Olson, J., 2012). Antipsychotics These are medications that are used to treat psychotic episodes and serious mental disorders (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Schizophrenia is an example of a psychotic disorder that can be treated with an antipsychotic medication. Antiemetics These drugs treat nausea and vomiting and dish out control motion sickness (Olson, J., 2012). Cardiovascular drugsAntihypertensives These include diuretics which reduce blood military press and edema by increasing urine production. (Olson, J., 2012). Antiadrenergics These medications increase blood pressure by stimulating the he art and/or tapering peripheral blood vessels. (Olson, J., 2012). Vasodilators These drugs help lower ones blood pressure by dilating the blood vessels (Olson, J., 2012). Vasoconstrictors These help increase ones blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels (Olson, J., 2012). Anti-anginals Nitrates dilate large myocardial arteries to increase blood supply to theheart. They also reduce cardiac preload by reducing venous tone which allows blood pooling in the periphery (Olson, J., 2012). Anti-arrhythmias These drugs influence cardiac conduction properties and may revert an abnormal rhythm to sinus rhythm (Olson, J., 2012). Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and thrombolyticsAnticoagulants inhibit coagulation, antiplatelets prevent platelet assemblage and thrombolytics degrade clots that have already formed (Olson, J., 2012). All of these drugs need to be apt(p) carefully to avoid causing excessive bleeding. They should not be given to patients with ulcers, patients who are pregnant, or those who are suffering from a hemorrhagic stroke (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Lipid Lowering Agents These drugs help one reduce blood cholesterin when diet and exercise control fail (Olson, J., 2012). Analgesic medicationsAnalgesic medications are commonly known as pain relievers. Many are over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Others are given to the patient by prescription for pain relief (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Narcotic medications stimulate central nervous system receptors known as opioid receptors and practise a decrease in the perception of pain. An overdose of narcotics can result in suppression of the respiratory system, leading to respiratory arrest (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate pain associated with inflammation (e.g., Aleve). They are used to relieve arthritis and other joint pain. Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever that does not spend a penny bleeding. It is much given instead of NSAIDs (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Antihistamines and Endocrine medicationsAntihistamine medications block the immune responses of itching, hives, and swelling caused by the release of histamines. These are available OTC (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Diabetes and hypothyroidism are two glandular conditions that are often observed by the health care professional. Antidiabetic medications are necessary for patients who cannot balance their blood scratch line and tissue sugar. Insulin is the medication prescribed for insulin-dependent diabetes (type-1 diabetes) (BIO-316V ModuleLecture, 2012). Hypothyroidism is controlled by common hormone preparations designed to enhance thyroid function.The most common of these is thyroxin (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). hyperthyroidism is typically controlled by a medication called methimazole and it inhibits transformation of inorganic ace to organic iodine (Olson, J., 2012). Bronchodilators help open constricted airways in patients who have respiratory c onstriction such as asthma and/or COPD (Olson, J., 2012). vasopressin is a drug which promotes reabsorption of water in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys and vasoconstricts blood vessels. Vasopressin and DDAVP are synthetic analogs of arginine vasopressin used to treat diabetes insipidus. (Olson, J., 2012). Desmopressin is used to treat acute epistaxis and GI hemorrhage and also used to maintain hemostasia during surgery in patients who have hemophilia A and Von Willebrands disease (Olson, J., 2012). Oxytocin induces contraction in the gravid uterus and promotes milk interposition from the post partum breast (Olson, J., 2012). Oral contraceptives help prevent pregnancy (Olson, J., 2012). CorticosteroidsThese include Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Dexamethasone, and Fludrocortisone. These medications are typically used for respiratory issues such as asthma, and a a few(prenominal) of them care also used as an anti-inflammatory agent to help reduce swelling and allow the patient to breathe better. Prednisone is the drug of excerpt for maintenance therapy of severe asthma. Prednisone doesnt just help reduce swelling in the lungs however, it can be used for other inflammatory issues all over the body (Olson, J., 2012). Anti infective agentsAntibiotics are drugs used to fight infections caused by bacteria. As their name implies, antibiotics are anti-life agents as far as bacteria are concerned (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Antifungal drugs are used to combat all sorts of fungal infections, from athletes foot to histoplasmosis. They are being used more often now in the combating of AIDS-related fungal infections (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Antiviral agents fight viral disease at the cellular level. Viruses enter into cells and propagate within them. Antibiotics have no effect on a virus once it has entered a cell. Antiviral agents are designed to interfere with thereplication of viruses (BIO-316V Module Lectu re, 2012). Chemotherapy AgentsChemotherapy is typically used to treat cancer. This is achieved by using a combination of drugs that are most toxic to the particular cancer cells of an individual patient. They are very potent and could be noisome to the caregiver (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012).GI AgentsAntidiarrheals These drugs help control diarrhea amd most are sold OTC, although there are a few that can be prescribed and are more potent than the OTC drugs (Olson, J., 2012). Laxatives These drugs are the opposite of antidiarrheals, as they help a patient who is unable to have a intestine movement (Olson, J., 2012). Antacids provide symptomatic relief of gastric acid irritation (Olson, J., 2012). Anti ulcer drugs help treat or prevent ulcers by any neutralizing gastric acid or preventing the production of acid (Olson, J., 2012). 3.What is chemotherapy and which diseases are treated this way?Chemotherapy by definition is the combination of two or more drugs used to treat a diseas e (BIO-316V Module Lecture, 2012). Most anticancer agents act by inhibiting cell proliferation by either damaging desoxyribonucleic acid or preventing DNA repair (Olson, J., 2012). Chemotherapeutic regimens often consist of several agents that have different mechanisms of action and minimize overlapping toxic effects (Olson, J., 2012). Most anticancer drugs cause bone marrow suppression which is why bone marrow sparing drugs are often included in combination regimens (OIson, J., 2012).Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer. 4.Give examples of how furrow media are used to produce an image. Contrast studies provide some information that standard x-rays cannot. During a melodic phrase study, you get a dose of a contrast material that outlines, highlights, or fills in parts of the body so that they show up more clearly on an x-ray. The contrast material may be given by mouth, as an enema, as an injection,or through a catheter put into various tissues of the body. For most of these tests , the images can be captured either on x-ray need or by a computer (American Cancer Society, 2013). An image is produced on a radiograph when the content of iodine in the blood is sufficient toprevent the penetration of the photons emitted by the X-ray tube (BIO 316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012). 5.Compare ionic and non-ionic contrast media.Ionic contrast media carry the iodine to the organ that is to be visualized. In the chemical attachment of the iodine to the water molecule, positive cations are produced as a side effect. Non-ionic does not mean that the contrast media contain no iodine rather, it means that non-ionic contrast media contain no positive cations to disrupt the balance of the blood plasma. The immune system does not recognize it as foreign topic and is usually not aroused (BIO 316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012).ReferencesAmerican Cancer Society, 2013. Retrieved on September 6, 2013 fromhttp//www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/imagin gradiologytests/imaging-radiology-tests-xraysBIO-316V Module 2 Lecture, 2012. Grand canyon University.Drug Classifications, 2013. Anthem Education. Retrieved on September 6, 2013 fromhttp//www.anthem.edu/pharmacy-technician-school/drug-classifications/

Contextualising Disability and Immigration in Britain

Contextualising Disability and immigration in Britain1.Contextualising disability in modern Britain is a problematic task. The principal ch exclusivelyenge of any contextualisation is perhaps the school principal of whose contextualization is the most apt one. Answering this question and the position taken as a result is also arguably a critical tension inwardly the issue of disability. This then hinges upon whether we contextualize disability from a point of view centred on society generally in modern Britain or whether we contextualize it from the viewpoint of those active with disabilities in modern Britain, (Barnes, 2006). This then highlights the issue as to whether disability is problematic for British society itself or whether it is in actuality British society is disabling itself for those it counts as living deep down disabilities. We dissolve also contextualize disability in modern Britain in the very sense of its modernity by reflecting on the development of c atomi c number 18, policy and statute for disability, seeing it in a progressive light as a gradual deepening of respect and civil society values towards the handicapped in Britain. Yet has the success of increased legislation towards the disabled in society gone any way towards combating the problems raised and highlighted by the disability rights movement for example. by chance in some ways this question can be answered positively in that legally numerous forms of discrimination against those living with disabilities has been placed on an twin footing with other kinds of discrimination such as that to do with race and racism. But has a legal countering of discrimination been enough to counter what many qualification count as socially embedded negative values and attitudes towards the disabled in modern Britain. In many instances activists within the disabled rights movement aim argued that this has not occurred. This contextualisation returns us then to the issue noted above in tha t while legal and political measures have been taken to protect and enable disabled persons to live more active and fuller lives in particular settings socially in equipment casualty of British society questions can be asked as to how self-made these attitudes have been diffused. As an illustration of this in examining the statistics of those who atomic number 18 disabled and working as opposed to those who are disabled and living on benefits highlights in many ways the inability of disabled persons to secure employment even where they are legally entitled to be considered on the same basis as those who are not disabled, (Kemp, 2006).Contextualising disability then is an interesting task as it centres as such on definitions, attitudes and reactions to the incidence of disability and how those with disability are treated by and perceived by British society in a wider and more general sense. Disability then when we contextualize it in this manner becomes a matter of respective(pren ominal) perspectives on the issues that are play within the area of disability. For those then within the disability rights movement for example it is British society itself which is disabling in terms of restricting those living with disability from leading full and active lives. In terms of societal responses then the legal and political measures which have been pursued can be seen as responses to these criticisms. Yet the effectiveness of these can continually be questioned in terms of their impact. Similarly an often occluded aspect of disability in modern British society is the emphasis legally on physical as opposed to mental disabilities. A claim that can also be levelled at the disability rights movement itself at times. This can be seen in the fact that much of the legislation has focused on the concerns of those living with physical disabilities to the loss of those living with mental disabilities, (Borsay, 2005). What this points towards in terms of a contextualization o f disability in modern Britain is a failure of particular perspectives to be heard at all in the face of certain perspectives seeing a sustained debate on which version is the more correct one to be used in examining the issue of disability.2.A contextualization of in-migration in modern Britain is in many critical ways a contextualization of modern Britain itself. This can be seen in a number of key ways, such as for example the historical impacts of immigration on the makeup and composition of modern Britain. It can also be locate in some of the more current socially problematic issues such as the role of Britain in the European Union, terrorism and the decline of the primacy of the welfare state. These are however broad claims and as such then how does a contextualization of immigration become relevant to the themes outlined above? Perhaps the clearest way a contextualisation of immigration points to these themes is by the manner in which immigration is discursively as an issu e by society. As such then it can be argued that the discourse of immigration in Foucauldian terms points towards a complexity of issues that reflects, intersects and interacts with a set of much broader discourses within British society. Not only this but importantly but in terms of this wider social discourse on immigration what is not perceived or what is not discussed has immediate relevance also for the themes mentioned above, (Block, 2006).As such immigration can be seen as a contested issue and its contextualization as such offers insights into critical debates within modern Britain. An example of this can be seen in the late debates over the economic benefits of immigration which are made against the backdrop of the expansion of the EU. Here there has been a shift from the unrestricted access of inhabitants of the branch accession countries such as Poland to living and working in Britain to one of restrictions for newer accession countries such as Romania. Similarly debate s over multiculturalism in the wake of recent terrorist acts have seen immigration being contested in the sense of how well do newer immigrants, and in particular Muslim immigrants integrate into British society. Likewise a final aspect of the contested nature of immigration is their partaking of the use of various reality services in Britain. Arguments are made that immigration causes strains on public services such as the NHS, housing, education and other aspects of the welfare state, (Dustmann, 2005). Each of these issues are importantly social and political discourses themselves also. A contextualisation of immigration then needfully to consider whether immigration is a feature of these discourses or whether they are a feature of immigration itself.Arguably the most suitable approach is to see a contextualisation of immigration as a mix between both of the extremes outlined above to see it as a contested discourse. Dissecting these contestations of immigration then is arguably the principal method to contextualizing immigration in modern Britain. It is an issue as such that is a mirror and a lens reflecting and providing insights into what are major transformational debates in modern Britain. Indeed the greater immigration is perceived or is in actuality occurring then the greater these debates are played out in the media, political circles and within national and local settings, (Cohen, 2001). There is a need then to situate immigration discursively within a framework which recognizes the multiplicity of discourses which are at play or are extolled in relation to the issue of immigration. It is a discourse containing many images and symbols about particular aspects of modern British society which are seen as problematic. Contextualising immigration then as a result necessitates a contextualisation of many disparate aspects of British society.ReferencesBarnes, C. (2006) Independent Futures Creating User-Led Disability Services in a Disabling Society, Bris tol, PolicyBlock, D. (2006) Multilingual Identities in a Global City London Stories, Basingstoke, MacmillanBorsay, A. (2005) Disability and Social Policy in Britain since 1750 A History of Exclusion, Basingstoke, MacmillanCohen, S. (2001) Immigration Controls, The Family and the Welfare State, London, Jessica Kingsley PublishersDustmann, C. (2005) Immigration, Jobs and Wages Theory, Evidence and Opinion, London, Center for Economic Policy ResearchKemp, P. A. (2006) Sick Societies? , Geneva, International Social Security Association

The Evolution of Cosmetic Surgery

The Evolution of Cosmetic surgical processFor the former(prenominal) few decades, the evolution of beauty has brought a huge metamorphosis in peoples view about their appearance. People are more concern about their outer beauty than anything else. This is non only limited for woman but man at this decade of century has brain washed and actively involved themselves in this culture too, which is camouflaging imperfections. A survey had found out that man in US had spent $4.8 million on grooming products in course of instruction 2006 and in that respect was an increase of 42% from family 2001 to year 2006 (Forbes, 2007). In addition, in this beauty-obsessed society, there are as well as people who choose to go below spit for an enthr on the wholeing personify feature. Cosmetic operate theatre has execute unity of the most popular trends all over the world. One might ask, what is decorative mental process? Cosmetic mental process is an aesthetic surgery that performed to improve appearance, rather than for medical reasons (thefreedictionary.com, 2003).Whenever you read newspaper, magazine or switch on the television, you are believably to take up something which is related to decorative surgery. Reality TV shows such as Extreme Makeover, MTV series I lack a Famous Face, Italian show Scalpel Nobodys Perfect and Foxs The Swan have likewise fly the coop to an overwhelming popularity on augmentative surgery especially among fresh boys and girls who are dissatisfied with their current look and want to look posh and perky like a pop star. According to Elsevier, the TV shows have lead youngster to have nonfunctional surgery and American high society of Plastic Surgeons (2007) assume proves that 57% of patients who chose to undergo ornamental surgery were high-intensity viewers of reality TV shows related to cosmetic surgery. Moreover, for country like Korea, undergoes cosmetic surgery is a culture and they known it as The Korean Way (Yoo, J ., n.d.). Most of the young genesis today get out go under knife in order to pursuit perfect beauty and this can be proven by a study conducted by Korean Plastic Surgery (2009). The study shows that eight out of 10 Korean women over the advance of 18 feel they postulate cosmetic surgery, and one out of two has undergone Korean shaping surgery at least once.American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) Reports (2007) also shows that cosmetic plastic surgery has increased 69% in the first decade of new millennium and in year 2009, there were 210,000 cosmetic surgery operations were performed on teenagers from age 13 to 19 (Thompson, V., 2010). It goes without saying that cosmetic surgery has become so commonplace that the age of patient involved in the cosmetic surgery acquiring younger and younger. Teens often have unreal expectations. They are not satisfy with their appearance and in operate to have glamorous beauty and flawless look. Ergo, teens go for cosmetic surgery and trea t it as a godsend. For instance, Kate (2008) had a breast implant when she was 19 years old.In year 2008, Queensland, a state in Australia had illegalise teenagers under 18 from having surgery for purely cosmetic reason (ABC News, 2008) as there is a distinct sociological trend towards valuing beauty which leads to an increase in cosmetic surgery among teenagers. The question is, is it worth for teens to go under knife in pursuit of perfect beauty? The truth is teenagers should be discouraged to go for cosmetic surgery as it comes at risk. Besides, they are far more too young for that as it might interrupt emotional and physical due date and it is a high-priced procedure.This research is not confined in certain countries only but all around the world.2.0 Body of Content2.1 Cosmetic Surgery carries some risks of harm physically and mentally, level(p) of death.Opponents of the report claim that cosmetic surgery is extremely safe with the benefactor of advance technology and medic ation. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) reckons that the mortality rate of cosmetic surgery is the lowest among all the surgical procedures. Roughly around 1.754 - %, which is one in 57,000 procedures, while fit to the study conducted by medical journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the death rate is slightly higher, which is one in 51, 459 operations.Furthermore, adverse party also states that modern anaesthesia is safe despite of the story you heard to begin with. This is due to certain reasons, for example, qualified anesthesiologist, excellent surgeon and modern equipments used in the operating room.There is postcode wrong with wanting to become beautiful or perfect. However, undergoing cosmetic surgery should not be one of the options. Supporters of this argument claim that the line of reasoning cosmetic surgery is extremely safe with the help of advance technology and medication is a falsehood. Cosmetic surgery is still a surgery which carries out in the operating room and they believe that every surgical carries some common risks.Plastic Surgery Los Angeles pointed out that there can be complications to any surgery even though you are operated by a professional and qualified cosmetic surgeon. The most common complications is the used of general anesthesia. Anesthesia brings serious health make patients may experience drowsiness, feeble or weary for few days after having general anesthesia. According to Cassidy P. (2008), seven to 12% of total cosmetic surgeries had been describe of death as a result of cosmetic surgery complications. The Star (2008) had reported that Datin Fatimah Wan Chik, wife of former Labuan MP, Datuk Suhaili Abdul Rahman had died due to cosmetic surgery complications.Besides, transmittance and bleeding are also one of the most obvious shortcomings not only in cosmetic surgery but in all engaging of surgical processes. There will be two in every 10 patients who suffered from infection and bleeding, whic h is 20%. Sometimes, scarring can happen due to bacteria attack. bacterium can enter the body during surgery or after surgery through suture, drain sides and open wounds.Surprisingly, cosmetic surgery acts like drugs, it has the emf to fix addiction (iloveindia.com, n.d.) especially for those who started to go under knife at young age. Psychologist had found out that most of the people who underwent cosmetic surgery were most likely to suffer from oppressive emotional and psychological disturbance. Doctor Iqbal Ahmed (2010) asserts that seven to 15% of patients who underwent cosmetic surgery will entrap into the psychological abysm of Body Dysmorphic perturbation (BDD). BDD is a mental disorder characterized by distorted body image and obsessions about perceived physical shortcomings (Dictionary.com, 2011). Those who suffered from BDD will tend to undergo a dowery of cosmetic surgeries from surgeon to surgeon. However, the patients will never satisfy with their appearance and t hink that their body image is so distorted that it will never get decided by one cosmetic surgery. This disorder can also known as mirror lies. When they look into the mirror, they will never see themselves in the justly size or feature even though actually they are just nice. Thus, teens should be discouraged to go for cosmetic surgery as it comes with risks and if there was a faulty, they will regret for their entire life.2.2 Cosmetic Surgery interrupts teens physical and emotional maturity.Opponents of the issue insist that cosmetic surgery not only improves ones self-importance image but also elevate their self-esteem at the same time. To illustrate, Caitlin Clemons, 18, describes that she will go for cosmetic surgery and believes that cosmetic surgery will boost her self-esteem as she knows how cosmetic surgery can magically change her life after seeing her sister and mother underwent breast enlargement and how talented they are after the surgery (cited by Thompson, V., 201 0). In addition, some also believe that the capabilities in cosmetic surgery await for all those who would like to see a better version of themselves physically and mentally.Opponents of this argument maybe correct, cosmetic surgery will boost self-esteem and indirectly increase their level of happiness. However, these modifications tend to be short lived. Most of the people who have cosmetic surgery tend to experience an increase in level of happiness for one or two years, after which they return to their previous level of happiness and are about as happy as they were before the surgery. This theory same goes to the drawing off winners. Hence, the emotional effect of cosmetic surgery can only last for short period of time.43% of the ladies interviewed stated that they would offer surgery for their kids if their look was the principal(prenominal) reason of why they were being bullied (Leaton, R., 2011). This statement is pretty pathetic as the supporters of the issue believe that surely there are other non-invasive ways to help the teens to boost their self-esteem so that they can stand up and deal with bullies. Self-esteem is based upon how you feel and think about yourself and not merely according to ones appearance. Karen Batchelor (2010), a speaker on social media and midlife issues once said that, When you develop your inner beauty, your physical beauty seems to miraculously improve as well. Hence, cosmetic surgery should not be seen as a quick fix to boost self-esteem and confidence because true confidence comes from inner personality and not outward appearance.It is also worth mentioning that in some cases, cosmetic surgery actually lowers ones self-esteem and level of happiness. Surgeons note that once a person alters one part of their body, they begin to look at flaws in other part of the body. This can make a person fells less happy with their body than before they had any surgery and therefore, lowering in level of self-esteem happens (eruptingmin d.com, 2011). In fact, the greatest failing in cosmetic surgery lies in a persons potential inability to raise their self-image to match their new look. The tendency to look to superficial treatments such as cosmetic surgery merely reflects an unwillingness to look within. To be sure, cosmetic surgery can only solve the problem temporarily and meanwhile it actually worsens the situation. Therefore, it is clear that cosmetic surgery interrupts the development of teens mental maturity.Furthermore, supporters of the statement also assert that cosmetic surgery disrupts teens natural growth. Teenagers have immature body which is not fully develop as human body will only fully develop at the age of 25. For instance, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh has spoken out about teenagers who choose plastic surgery, saying that deciding to go under the knife is a decision best left until one is an adult. (BellaSugar, 2007). Teens are still growing, thus cosmetic surgery should not be an option for th em as firstly, it can cause growth retardation, its dangerous and its unnecessary. If they waited until 25 years old, they might satisfy with their body during that time as their body is fully developed. In year 2008, Australias health minister also conceded that teenagers are still growing and they are still developing. They should not have a body shape-changing procedure until their growth is completed. This statement can be clearly proved to be true when Queensland banned teenagers under 18 years old from having cosmetic surgery (ABC News, 2008).In short, teenagers should be discouraged to go under knife to pursuit perfect beauty when perfect is undefined. Besides, it only provides temporarily emotional relief and satisfaction. On top of that, cosmetic surgery causes growth retardation.2.3 Cosmetic Surgery is a high-priced procedure.Those who do not share the view that cosmetic surgery is a high-priced procedure point out that the price of cosmetic surgery worth the outcomes and it is permanent. Moreover, according to Hilton, many discount price cosmetic surgeons that claim to offer professional armed expediency for a low price have begun to show up all over the country (cited in 123HelpMe.com, n.d.).2.3.1 Unlicensed Cosmetic practitionersHowever, the problem is, most of these doctors are not properly trained to perform such drastic cosmetic surgery. In addition to that, Davis claims that a doctor can attend a crowd in a hotel for few hours to learn how to perform cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction, breast enlargement, rhinoplasty and etc. Other than that, The Cosmetic Surgery Directory(n.d) also states that they had discovered an extensive black market for cosmetic surgeries. For example, a 46 year-old woman died as a result of a black market cosmetic procedure in which cooking oil was injected into her body by an unlicensed surgeon who promised a cheap alternative way to legitimate procedure. So, professional service is just a falsehood. Hence, thi s is undeniable that it is extremely risky when a doctor is not properly trained and certified and this would be the main reason why the service is at low woo.2.3.2 Cosmetic Surgery strains familys financial resourcesAccording to a study conducted by American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) (n.d.), in year 2009, the top cosmetic surgeries done by teenagers were breast enlargement, rhinoplasty, eyelid surgery, liposuction and lastly, abdominoplasty.Below are the prices for top five cosmetic surgeries.Type of Cosmetic Surgery woo (MYR)Breast Enlargement17,000Rhinoplasty7,000Eyelid Surgery1,600 3,700Liposuction5,000Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)18,000Source Health Horizon Holidays, Malaysia.From the above information, it can be clearly seen that cosmetic surgery is an expensive procedure. According to an article posted in THEEDGE MALAYSIA on 24th November 2008, the average nominal household income in year 2007 was RM 3,617 per capita and the real household income grew at 0.9% per yea r. Thus, it goes without saying that teens who wanted to go under knife will definitely put a huge strain on the family budget, particularly when the cost exceeds the estimation. Furthermore, Gred C. Pacher (n.d.) added that the estimated cost usually is just for the procedure along and the anesthesia fee is excluded. If there were complications, hospital stay may be to be extended and there is a cost to post operative care including post-op medications. On top of that, with the exception of reconstructive surgery, elective cosmetic surgery is not covered by insurance and all of these strain the familys financial resources.Moreover, there are also some cases that teenagers go into debt in order to obtain perfect nose or bide which can lead to serious financial problems. On the whole, teenagers should be discouraged from having cosmetic surgery as it not only burdens the family of teens who undergoes the surgery but also put them in unnecessary situation when dealing with nasty rec overy time.3.0 ConclusionIn a nutshell, cosmetic surgery had grown six-fold in the past ten years. No longer restricted to rich or famous, cosmetic surgery is now within the middle-class and even teenagers. Cosmetic surgery has become so popular that even the kids know what that is and the main purpose of having cosmetic surgery.However, is this good to the society and to the teens themselves? The answer is definitely no as the disadvantages of cosmetic surgery often outweight its advantages especially when the protagonist is teenager. Some might ask, why is this so? Firstly, cosmetic surgery carries some risk of harm physically and mentally, even of death. Besides, it not only interrupts teens physical and emotional maturity but also burdens the teens family who choose to undergo cosmetic procedure. Thus, it is clear that teens should be discouraged to go under knife in pursuit of perfect beauty.4.0 RecommendationIn this beauty-obsessed society, outward appearance has played an imp ortant role in everyones life especially among teenagers who do not satisfy with their body and face feature. Despite cosmetic surgery, teens can choose to go for exercise and follow a healthy diet if they feel that their body is not perfect. Besides, teenagers can also put on some make-up so that they will look better and more energetic. If compared to cosmetic surgery, exercise and cosmetic product are definitely cheaper than cosmetic surgery and it is more healthy and deso not cause any harm to human body.Furthermore, government should take the hatchway to ban teenagers from cosmetic surgery and cosmetic surgery tourism should be demolished.

History of the US and Mexico Border

History of the US and Mexico BorderTracing the Evolving Historiography of the U.S.-Mexico BorderIntroductionRegulating the meet in the center of the united States and Mexico is non a peeled issue. In fact, concerns over what to do with the put, what it should look ilk, and who should be allowed to plunder move over been prevalent questions since American and Mexican diplomats sat down to establish the exhibit in the aftermath of the Mexican-American war in 1848. temporary hookup the eastern half of the frame in is easily distinguished by the Rio Grande, the western border does not correspond to either recognizable geographic features and was instead made up of arbitrarily drawn lines through an uninhabited desert. It is along this permeable border that a borderlands historian wish well Rachel St. whoremasters monograph, field in the Sand (2011), is concerned. While St. Johns work decl bes itself to be a recital of the unquestionable border, earlier historians like Cl atomic number 18nce Clendenen and his work, Blood on the Border The linked States regular army and the Mexican Irregulars (1969), is more of a forces history discussing the United States arrays occasion in border clashes with Indian and Mexican forces. In after years, economic and public policy history became the preferred methodology of examining the history of the U.S.-Mexico border like Douglas Masseys Beyond Smoke and Mirrors Mexican in-migration in an Era of stinting Integration (2002) which examines the issue of managing immigration from Mexico through the Immigration Reform and Control puzzle out (IRCA) in an era of increasing economic interdependence ca apply by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).When examined side by side, these three monographs ar a good representation of just how drastically historians have changed the way they discuss they border in scarcely the last fifty years. Since its inception, the ways in which historians discuss the U.S .-Mexico border have evolved significantly. Unlike earlier approaches, which were biased toward the United States and primarily concerned with the American point of view, newer plant like St. Johns ar beginning to take a more international approach to tracing the evolution of the boundary between the deuce nation-states from its inception as a meaningless line on a map to the complex agreement of barriers and strict regulation that allows for the easy passage of some people, animals, commodities, and goods, while restricting the movements of others. effrontery the controversy and political sympathies that are deeply entrenched in discussions nearly the U.S.-Mexico border, St. Johns work is by no means the pinnacle of no-hit multinational history, even so it does act as a step in the right directions for future historians to further expand upon.It is easy to assume that borderlandshistory would be inherently multinational because oftentimes borderlands arecrossroads where people and their institutions and traditions come together,creating distinctive ways of organizing space and transforming the seeminglyfixed edges of empires and nations into fluid spaces.1However that is not always the case, especially in the perception about the U.S.-Mexicoborder, which is heavily politicized in both nations. The best transnationalhistories examine the interconnections between political units, especially the give of goods, people, and ideas across borders. These works trace how USinvolvement overseas shapes not only foreign peoples, only when as well as Americans backhome. The about successful works incorporate a categorization of historical methods anddraw on US and foreign muniment while paying attention to the role of non-stateactors and the room of non-elites.2While for each atomic number 53 monograph discussed tend to only focus on a few of these qualifiers, there is a noticeable trend that scholarship is becoming more transnational,however maybe no t as quickly as one would thing. The subject matter of borderlandhistory lends itself well to transnational methodology, however historians are be quiet more concerned with the elite actors, politics, and the American point ofview for any of these works to be considered truly transnational.Blood on the BorderPublished in 1969, Clendenens Blood on the Border The United States Armyand the Mexican Irregulars is one of the earliest examples of borderlandhistory and thus takes a more conservative approach to historical create verbally. Asa graduate of West Point and the Curator Emeritus of the Military Collection atStanford University, it is no surprise that Clendenens monograph is primarily cogitate on the tense history of border skirmishes that occurred between the U.S.and Mexican armies between 1848 and 1917. Clendenens work chronicles a serial ofepisodes where the U.S. and Mexican armies clashed with each other beginningwith the activities of Juan Cortina who was a Robin Hood-like figure, laterchapters also pictures U.S. military activity during the Civil War, thecampaigns against the Kickapoos and Apaches, and border problems during the revolutionaryperiod. Clendenen then devotes over half of the deem to examining command PershingsPunitive Expedition against the Mexican revolutionary general Francisco PanchoVilla in 1916.Clendenens main argument is that thePunitive Expedition was not a humiliating failure for the US military, howeverthis period of U.S.-Mexico history has been greatly neglected by historiansbecause it had been forgotten amidst the earlier wars with the Plains Indiansand World War I. He argues General Pershings Punitive Expedition was soon soover-shadowed by the entry of the United States into World War I thathistorians have given it scant attention, and most of those who grant it a fewsentences, or a paragraph or two, are amazingly misinformed about it. Yet theoperations of small American forces in northern Mexico on numerous occasionscon stitute a phase of our military history that is well worth rescuing.3To support his argument, Clendenen relieson a variety of sources including interviews, diaries and autobiographies ofAmerican soldiers, as well as U.S. archival sources. However Mexican sourcesare nearly nonexistent. He justifies that the exclusion of Mexican sources wasintentional because his goal is to describe the basis on which Americancommanders formed their decisions. Clendenen argues that his researchdeliberately presents only the American perspective on the border conflictsbecause that is the nature of military history. A military history writtenfrom the point of view of a participant nation is necessarily one-sided itcannot be completely objective regarding the enemy the commander of a militaryunit must base his decisions upon the entropy he actually has at a givenmomentnot upon what a scholar or historian may know half a century later Hence,I make no apology for having cited very few Mexican sources.4Cle ndenen is also reluctant to include Mexican sources because, he argues, itis very difficult for an American to obtain firsthand information regardingevents and activities. Mexicans, for some reason or other, he says, arereluctant to discuss border events with Americans.5This type of justification for focusing on the American narrative falls in linewith most of the early scholarship about the U.S.-Mexico border. Very little,if any, of Clendenens work can be considered transnational even though itssubject matter is about the US and Mexican armys movements throughout theborderlands. Aside from examining the interconnections between political units(in this case, the militaries of two countries), Clendenen does little toexamine the flow of goods, people, and ideas across borders, or focus on therole of non-state actors and the agency of non-elites. Little attention is alsopaid to tracing how the United States involvement overseas affects those backhome.Beyond Smoke and MirrorsBy the earl y 2000s, scholarship on the U.S.-Mexico border was starting to become more willing to discuss the non-state, non-American actors, though it still tended to have a strong American perspective. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration (2002) by Douglas Massey et al. examines the economic and public policy history of the U.S.-Mexico borderspecifically the opposing effects of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)to draw conclusions about the complexities of how the border operated between 1965 and 1986. Massey et al. argue that the migration system between Mexico and the United States is similar to a complicated piece of machinery and that their monograph is meant to troubleshoot the problems of immigration by describing the dramatic impact that immigration policies have had on those living in Mexico as well as the United States.The monograph operates as a sort ofowners manual and describes how the migration system was built, how it workeduntil immigration policies first passed in 1986 disrupted it, and how thesystem changed as a consequence. Subsequently in its repair manual, the authorsoffer a specific set of proposals designed to fix the damage caused by thesepolicies and make migration streamlined and predictable again. The authors argue,Just as it is not advisable to take a wrench to a precision clock if one is not a satisfactory clockmaker, it is not wise to pull policy levers if one has no real conception of how the underlying system functions. Yet this is exactly what happened beginning in 1986, when the US Congress and successive presidents presided over a series of legislative and bureaucratic changes that fundamentally changed the rules under which the Mexico-US migration system operatedwe seek to provide policymakers and citizens with a more right blueprint of the nuts and bolts of the Mexico-US migration system. We offer a kind of owners manual to expl ain how the system works theoretically, how it was built historically, and how it functions substantively, or at least(prenominal) how it did function until the 1986 IRCA threw it out of synch.6To support their arguments, Massey et al. utilize an economichistorymethodology by using a variety ofhistorical methods, statistical methods, andeconomicpossibilitytoclosely examine the relationship between immigration and U.S. public policies. Similar to Clendenenswork, Massey et al. also do not look beyondthe American muniment for source materials. However their sources do show agreater amount of variety than Clendenens and even includes published articlesfrom Mexican scholars, which is something Clendenen specifically avoided. The authorsgathered information from a diverse set of sources including officialstatistics from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S.Bureau of the Census, the Mexican National Statistical Institute, the WorldBank, the International Monetary F und, and the United Nations.7Most notably, the authors rely on data compiled by the Mexican MigrationProject (MMP), a bi-national research project compiled by the University ofGuadalajara and the University of Pennsylvania and directed by two of theauthors, Jorge Durand and Douglas S. Massey.8Compared to Clarence Clendenens work, Beyond Smoke and Mirror shows a significant transformation in how historians study and write about the U.S.-Mexico border though the approach only hits on a few of the key qualifiers of a truly transnational work. For example, Clendenen was solely concerned with recording the experiences of Americans who served in the army in the borderlands and justifying the United States involvement in various border skirmishes. On the other hand, Massey et al. have expanded the scope of their research in order to examine the broader picture of the immigration of non-state, non-elite actors and the govern agricultural employers and American politics had on the ebb and f low of people across the border. Massey et al. also get down to address how the implementation of IRCA and NAFTA have interrupted the shelter circular flow of Mexican migrants who arrived in the United States, quickly found jobs, and returned to Mexico for several months before migrating back to the United States again. This steady immigration system minimize the negative consequences and maximized the gain for both countries. 9 In this aspect, the authors attempted to explain how United States involvement in Mexico reshaped the lives of not only Mexicans, but also Americans back home.Line in the SandOne of the most recent works of scholarship about the U.S.-Mexico border is Rachel St. Johns Line in the Sand A History of the Western U.S.-Mexico Border (2011). As part of Princeton Universitys America in the World series, this monograph is meant to represent the newest transnational methodology historians are using when composing about U.S-Mexico border history. St. John does emplo y a transnational methodology in her examination of the history of the U.S.-Mexico border, displaying a tremendous amount of change in the field, however the degree to which she utilizes key aspects of a true transnational work are somewhat baffle for a monograph published in a transnational history series. This appears to be a problem concerning the subject area rather than the author, as other historians such as Mae Ngai and her work, Impossible Subjects Illegal Aliens and the Making of novel America (2004),appear to suffer similar shortcomings.Regardless, St. Johns work does createa very useful stepping stone to guide future historians away fromnationalistic, America-centered histories and towards studies not confined topolitical units that are more concerned with the role of non-state actors assubjects of an incredibly complex system. St. John attempts to differentiateher work from earlier scholarship about the border by immediately assertingthat she is writing about the histo ry of the physical border from itsconception up to its modern form in the 1930s. She argues that the actualborder itself is often ignored in scholarship that is supposedly about theborder As borderlands historians have emphasized historical processes thattranscend national boundaries and have expanded their focus to include zones ofinteraction outside of the US Southwest and Mexican north, they have oftentreated the border itself as in foreign or incidental part of theborderlands. By contrast, I emphasize the centrality of the boundary line inthe processes of market expansion, conquest, state building, and identityformation with which many borderlands historians are concerned.10St. John examines the transformation of the border chronologically from itsorigins in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, to a prosperous economiccrossroads, and finally into a heavily policed series of checkpoints intent onkeeping certain people and goods from crossing.St. John breaks her research up i ntochapters that can almost be viewed as a series of vignettes or snapshotsthroughout time of how the western U.S.-Mexico border quickly began to change.From its inception as well as the actual attempts by surveyors to map out theborder, St. John argues that just drawing a line on a map does notautomatically guarantee territorial authority for a nation, especially one thatis not marked by any distinct geographical features like the western border.Essentially, she writes, the creation of the western border conjured up an entirely new space where there had notbeen one before.11 This is significantbecause for many years, the border remained a porous boundary that actuallyencouraged border residents to move freely. This idea of a porous border wasespecially beneficial for commercial development and bi-national cooperation,especially with the arrival of railroads in the 1880s. With the creation ofrailroads, St. John notes that a capitalist revolution had occurred, grasslandsbecame ranc hes, mountains became mines, and the border itself became a site ofcommerce and communities by the early twentieth century the border had becomea point of connection and community in the midst of an emerging capitalisteconomy and the center of a transborder landscape of property and profit.12 However with thedevelopment of transnational capitalism came the creation of state border control,which was intent on protecting investors that profited from this economy by controlling the passage ofgoods and people across the border. By this time, military power was no longerthe aboriginal concern along the border. Instead, the U.S. and Mexicossovereignty was measured in customs collected, immigrants rejected, andbandits arrested.13 The latter half of St.Johns work examinesthe use of the border to bring home the bacon immigration. The ultimate challenge for bothcountries was the creation of a qualified border that allowed for the passageof desired migrants and commerce but obstructed the f low of those who were notwelcome.14This conditional border was incredibly inconsistent and depended largely on thediscretion of immigration officials, changes in law, and fluctuating economicconditions.15St. John attempts to address each of the key aspects of a transnational methodology with varying degrees of success. Most obvious is her examination of the interconnections between political units and the flow of goods, people, and ideas across borders because this is the entire basis of her research. Unlike Clendenen and Massey who only focused on the one-way flow of people and goods from Mexico to the United States, St. John actually expands on this idea in her work by examining the flow of people from Mexico to the United States and then back to Mexico at different points in time in the early twentieth century. She spends a considerable amount of time discussing the effects that immigration policy changes had on immigrant laborers, their families, and their communitiesaspects of immigration that the earlier historians had all but ignored.Similar to St. John, Massey et al.also discuss the idea that the economy in the United States played asignificant hand in influencing the ebb and flow of Mexican immigration,however they fail at investigating what happened to these people once theyemigrated back to Mexico. St. John discusses the fluctuations of immigration,but she also attempts to tell the other side of the story by including theMexican governments response to deportations and more and more strictimmigration laws.16 In thisway, St. John does a much better job than earlier historians at tracing howU.S. involvement and policies shaped not only Mexican citizens, but Americansas well. This becomes increasingly apparent as she examines the sharp increasesin policing of the border in the 1930s as government officials not only madeit more difficult for new migrants to cross the border but also criminalizedMexicans as illegal aliens and encouraged, coerced, and f orced hundreds ofthousands of Mexican nationals and US citizens of Mexican descent to move toMexico.17Changes in U.S. policy in attempts to protect its economy and citizens clearlyaffected deported Mexican citizens and people of Mexican descent, but it alsofed into the growing anti-Mexican sentiment that many Americans were feeling atthe time, essentially treating Mexican laborers as scapegoats for the escape ofjobs leading up to the Great Depression. One aspect of St. Johns work thatcould use improvement is diversifying the sources that she uses. Again, thisappears to be a problem inherent in this subject area rather than any fault ofthe author. While Clendenen intentionally used only American sources, laterhistorians of U.S.-Mexico relations like Massey et al. and even Mae Ngai appearto have trouble including a fair amount of sources from foreign archives. Thiscould be for a variety of reasons including language barriers, lack of accessto the archives, or simply because perhaps t he majority of scholarship on thissubject could be published in the United States. St. John seems to have beenmore successful at including Mexican scholarship in her work compared toearlier scholars, however for a monograph specifically about the border betweenMexico and the United States, her sources are still notably one-sided. Out ofall of her research, St. John only visited three archives in Mexico to completeher work. These include the Archivo General del Estado de Sonora, the ArchivoHistricoGenaro Estrada, and the Instituto de Investigaciones Histricas.18 In relation to thenumerous American archives she visited, it is hard to understand why she choseto include so few Mexican sources when a significant portion of her work is consecrate to the communities located on the Mexican side of the border. Thevast majority of St. Johns research was conducted within the United States andshe uses a variety of American archives to complete her work using a largeassortment of books, photogr aphs, manuscript collections, microfilm reels,government documents, and newspapers. St. Johns use of source materials iscomparable to Massey et al. who used similar documents to complete their work onlya decade earlier. The fact that scholars have yet to utilize Mexican sources totheir greatest potential is somewhat disappointing for a work of transnationalhistory but perhaps the next generation of historians will be able to improvethe situation if the controversy and politics that are deeply entrenched in discussionsabout the U.S.-Mexico border ever simmer down. Rachel St. Johns Line in the Sand is the latest attemptby borderlands historians taking a transnational approach to their work. It maynot be successful in all aspects of a truly transnational methodology howeverit does set the stage for future historians to build off of and think outsideof the borders of traditional U.S.-centric histories.ConclusionConcerns over regulating theU.S.-Mexico border, what it should look like, an d who should be allowed tocross it are issues as relevant like a shot as they were when the border was firstestablished 170 years ago. Tune into any news network today and information onthe latest immigration policies and border control will surely be hotly debatedbetween policymakers, citizens, and corporations who all have differingopinions on how the border should operate. While obvious geographical featureslike the Rio Grande easily delineate the eastern portion of the U.S.-Mexicoborder, the western border cuts through uninhabitable desert that is barelymarked with more than a few fence posts in some areas. It is along thispermeable half of the border that borderlands historians situate their work.Borderland histories have transformedsignificantly over the course of the century as historians are beginning toleave behind the nationalistic, pro-American sentiments of historical writingbehind in favor of a better-rounded transnational approach that situatesAmerica in the context o f the greater history of the world. Published in 1969, ClarenceClendenens Blood on the Border TheUnited States Army and the Mexican Irregulars represents the ways in whichearlier historians often used military history when discussing border issues. Inlater years, economic and public policy history became the preferredmethodology of examining the history of the U.S.-Mexico border like DouglasMasseys Beyond Smoke and MirrorsMexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration (2002). In recentyears, historians like Rachel St. John are attempting to examine the history ofthe actual border itself without tying themselves down to writing specificallyfrom the perspective of any one nation state. When examined chronologically,these monographs show just how drastically historians have changed the way theydiscuss they border in just the last fifty years. Unlike the earlier approachesto writing about the border, which were primarily concerned with the Americanpoint of view, newer works like St. Johns are beginning to take a moretransnational approach to tracing the evolution of the boundary between Mexicoand the United States from its inception as an unclear and undefined politicalboundary to the complex system of border patrols and strict regulation thatallows for the easy passage of some people, animals, commodities, and goods,while at the same time restricting the movements of others.In many other fields of study, thetransnational approach to history was specifically sparked by changes in how weexamine and write about history in a post-9/11 world. However, discussions overthe U.S.-Mexico border do not seem to follow this trend quite as closely as itis still a subject the general public is hotly divided up over. This could beattributed to many reasons such as current events involving recently electedU.S. leadership fear mongering that it is imperative for the safety of Americancitizens and the economy to build a two thousand mile long wall along theborder. This feed s into a deep-seated distrust of the immigration system afterusing Mexican immigrants as a convenient scapegoat for the better half of acentury. As long as U.S. citizens, our government, and policies continue tovilify our neighbors to the south, any sort of progressive transnationalscholarship will not be possible.BibliographyClendenen,Clarence C., Blood on the Border TheUnited States Army and the Mexican Irregulars.London The MacmillanCompany, 1969.Hamalainen,Pekka and Benjamin Johnson. What is Borderlands History? In major(ip)Problems inthe History of North American Borderlands, 1-40.WandsworthPublishing, 2011.Accessed May 1, 2017. http//inside.sfuhs.org/dept/history/Mexicoreader/Chapter8/borderlands/borderlandsch1.pdf.Massey,Douglas S., Jorge Durand, and Nolan J. Malone. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors Mexican Immigrationin an Era of Economic Integration. New York Russell sensible Foundation, 2002.St. John, Rachel. Line in the Sand A history of the Western U.S.-Mexico Border. Princeton Princeton University Press, 2011.1 PekkaHamalainen and Benjamin Johnson, What is Borderlands History?, in MajorProblems in the History of North American Borderlands (Wandsworth Publishing, 2011), 1.2 screen notes.3 ClarenceC. Clendenen, Blood on the Border TheUnited States Army and the Mexican Irregulars (London The MacmillanCompany, 1969). Xvi.4 Ibid., xvii5 Ibid.6 DouglasS. Massey et al., Beyond Smoke andMirrors Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration (New YorkRussell Sage Foundation, 2002). 2.7 Ibid., 165.8 Ibid.9 Ibid., 71.10 RachelSt. John, Line in the Sand A history ofthe Western U.S.-Mexico Border (Princeton Princeton University Press,2011). 5-6.11 Ibid., 2.12 Ibid., 64.13 Ibid., 90.14 Ibid., 175.15 Ibid.16 Ibid., 188.17 Ibid.18 Ibid., 249.

homelessness Essay -- essays research papers

All over America, there are people roving the streets without a home. These individuals are seen as a crowd, a separate collective existence. They are called the homeless, as if that defines who they are, but we too often neglect to add the unstated word in that title people. It seems today that the more fortunate citizens of America who have a roof over their heads have forgotten their innate office to watch over those in this world whom are incapable of caring for themselves. Tragically, thirty to fifty percent of the homeless have severe mental illnesses (Torrey 1). These individuals raging life in such a way that few people in this world could possibly even begin to compare their hardships. The fact that they kick the bucket completely independently, most without the medication they need, is bewildering. The problems resulting from the lack of attention given to the homeless who are mentally ill can be solved through the instauration of better health clinics, and stricter l aws involving patient care. If more clinics were to be established specializing in the mental health of the homeless, then the attention could be given to them that they need. E. Fuller Torrey, compose of The Homeless Mentally Ill Should Be Forced To Receive Treatment describes the habits and reasons for the incredible amount of mentally ill homelessThey sleep, importune strangers, gesture to imaginary accomplices, shout angrily at the wind, forage through cans, and sit quietly with glazed ey...

The Rebirth of a Game :: Basketball NBA Athletics Sports Essays

The Rebirth of a GameBasketball in my home area goes way back, straight to the beginning. The University of Kansas (KU) hired James Naismith, the inventor of the biz, as its first off basketball coach in 1898. The fledgling sport caught on, and has gained force ever since. KU was alike the scene of the emergence of Wilt Chamberlain, who dominated the game like none other. At the same time that Wilt the Stilt was breaking out, Kansas State University (KSU) had a basketball coach by the name of Tex Winter. While not as well known as Chamberlain, Winters contributions to the game of basketball whitethorn have been even more significant. Ask any Bulls or Lakers fan where the triangle offense (and resulting championships) came from. So, with my birth in 1979 in a small township in Kansas, this was the world I stepped into. Naismith, Chamberlain, Winter, and others had been incorporated into a basketball pantheon by the public. They were part of the public consciousness, but only in a supporting role. The game of basketball itself was lifted above them all, the true source of the passion. Before I was ten years old I had seen this passion at its peak. The NCAA Tournament of 1988 dour out to be a great showcase of Kansas and Big 8 basketball. The team I loved, KSU, made an improbable run in the tournament, winning their first three games. This set up a Sunflower State showdown between KSU and KU in the round of eight. The game ended up being a blowout, with KU dominating. KU went on to win the national championship in exciting fashion, beating Big 8 rivals Oklahoma in an exciting championship game. As an waxlike eight-year-old, I soaked up the emotions. The hopes and expectations, the ecstasy and the heartbreak. These feelings stuck with me. When I reached seventh grade, basketball took a different role in my life. I played on my secondary spunky basketball team and absolutely loved it. From November to March, my life revolved around an orange ball. From seve nth grade to eleventh grade, this was winter to me. I was a true student of the game, learning and improving constantly. I became fairly good, and even won some awards my eighth grade season. During my freshman year in high school, I once scored 29 points in a junior varsity game. When I stopped growing at 6, however, it became fairly clear that in that respect was no future in it for me as a player.

Coops Towne :: essays research papers

Here is a place for fun, adventure, and the unexpected can all occur. If you thought that your dreams could never come true, deal again. Now this isnt any just any theme park, this is Coops Towne the one and only mainly sports theme park. This park was founded and is owned by David Cooper. Its located in extraordinary Miami, Florida. Coops Towne consists of four lands Frontierland, Tomorrowland, Fantasyland, and gambleland. Theres also the infamous crack of Fame where the greatest players in baseball, football, basketball, tennis, golf, NASCAR, and sportscasters be honored. The ?Walk of Fame? is the main street to Coops Towne, where it divides all four lands. On the ?Walk of Fame? there are two tennis players, as well as, two soccer players, and golf players. It also has four (of each) football, baseball, basketball players, and sportscasters. These people are honored on the ?Walk of Fame? because they were either the best at their position, or the best of their time. The ?Walk of Fame? is black, has stepping stones with the peoples name and a symbol representing what they did above it, and trees bordering it.Fantasyland is possibly the first land you will yack away when you go to Coops Towne, because the entrance is the first to the left. It has three charges, two museums, and a restaurant. The first ride is called ?Expedition Space?, this ride is indoors and requires you to wear and astronauts suit because it?s in no gravity. The inside of the building looks like the inside of a space shuttle. ?Adventure Mountain? is another ride in Fantasyland, it is so hulking it has a lodge on the top of it. ?Adventure Mountain Lodge? is a mountain where you can hike, swim, and bike down the mountain. This mountain is so huge we had to build a lodge for people who made the journey up but are too tired to make the venture back down. ?Adventure Mountain? is the only part of Coops Towne in which everything is 100% real. It?s also the largest exhibit of Coops Towne. ? Rain Forest Exploration? is Coops Towne?s only exploration museum. This ride is a car ride through the mighty rain forest, where you will encounter all the amazing plants, and animals, of the rain forest. But, you only have three proceeding to look throughout all of the rain forest to find a stranded person, and this person is the only one who knows how to get out.