Dispelling the Mathematical Misconceptions

The Last Protected Class Discriminated Against Within The...

The last protected class discriminated against within the hospitality industry that will be examined is religion. Everyone has their own beliefs, and practices their own faith, but at times these practices can interfere with one’s job opportunities and livelihood. In the case, Christian Emergency Services Supervisory Officer Denied Religious Accommodation and Subjected to Harassment at Keystone Resort, the victim, Lisa Marie Cornwell, an emergency services supervisor at the Keystone Resort, was subjected to harassment for not only her Christian religion but for her gender as well. She was denied religious accommodation and treated less favorably than her male counterparts. The EEOC said that Cornwell’s supervisor, Rick Garcia, banned her and another Christian employee from discussing their Christian beliefs and would not allow them to listen to Christian music while on duty. Moreover, according to the EEOC, Garcia ridiculed Cornwell for asking for scheduling accommodati on so that she could attend her desired religious services, and denied her requests while scheduling lower ranking officers for the shifts she requested. On top of that, Cornwall was also sexually harassed, so she went through a lot. According to the EEOC, Cornwell could have been scheduled so that she could attend her religious services, without any cost or disruption to Vail’s business operations, and the company was required by law to make an accommodation. Also, Title VII prohibits workplace harassmentShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurship in Pakistan20067 Words   |  81 PagesIntroduction 1 2. Understanding Entrepreneurship 2 (a) What Makes up an Entrepreneurial Economy? 5 (b) Entrepreneurship as Rent-seeking 5 3. The Nature of Pakistani State 7 4. How Did Entrepreneurship Develop in Pakistan? 9 (a) The Big Push for Industry 9 (b) The Neglect of the â€Å"Small† 11 (c) Agriculture and the Elite Bias 12 (d) Subsidies for Export 13 5. The Unintended Consequences 14 (a) Inequality and Bank Defaults 14 (b) Crippled Innovation 15 (c) Rent-seeking and Land Development 16 Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesEmployer Organization (PEO) 47 Shared Services 47 HRM in an Entrepreneurial Enterprise 48 HRM in a Global Environment 48 HR and Corporate Ethics Summary 50 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 51 Key Terms 51 52 HRM Workshop 49 Guarding Against Discrimination Practices 65 DID YOU KNOW?: Is a Problem Brewing? 66 Determining Potential Discriminatory Practices 66 The 4/5ths Rule 66 Restricted Policy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestwentieth century. And the reunification of Germany and the reemergence of international terrorism, which were powerfully symptomatic of the unprecedented reach and intensity of the processes of globalization on either side of the otherwise unremarkable last and first years of the old and new millennia, represented both a return to trends reminiscent of the opening decades of the twentieth century and a major break from the prevailing dynamics of the cold war. In addition to the problems posed for conceptualizingRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesGlobal entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBaskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission

Compare My Parents free essay sample

My mother and father have different views towards life. My father is a machinist. He has a view that earning and spending money is the main purpose of living. He is making a lot of money, but he works eighteen- hour days. In addition, my father believes money is to spent, so he uses a lot of money quickly and carelessly. He buys the most modern electronic equipment such as I pad 2, iphone 4. Furthermore, he constantly changes his car. One more thing is the way he shows his love toward us. Instead of saying† I love you† or spending time showing it, my dad indulges us with gifts as a way of demonstrating his love. As Deborah Price, the author of â€Å"Money Magic†, said,† Equating love and money is a habit we often pick up from our family†. On the other hand, my mother has the view that money is powerful and important, but it is not the most important thing in a person’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare My Parents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She regards money merely as a means to live. Unlike my father, my mother has the opinion that money should be saved for the future. For her, we should have money to fall back on when dealing with a difficult situation. Apart from that, my mother shows her love for us by providing Individualized attention to us rather than using money. Besides views towards life, my parents have differences in their personalities. My mom is an introverted person. She has her little group of friends, but she tends to keep to herself and doesn’t like to be social. Another thing about her is that my mom is emotionally very stable. In our family, she is the parent who always listens patiently and sympathetically to us. When I failed in math, my mother talked to me and then helped me to get through the difficult situation instead of scolding me. My mother knows what Smamiathan knows, â€Å"Threatening behaviors like scolding, hash comment will not help on improving a child†. Many believe scolding makes things worse. Also my mother is an understanding person and agrees with the idea of free will. My mother is very supportive in anything we choose to do in our lives. In everything from our studying to our relationships with money, my mom is always respectful of our independence. My dad is the opposite of my mother. He is an extroverted and hot- tempered person. I almost never speak to my dad about anything because he usually become angry . The things he says often hurt us and at times, destroy our self – confidence. Another thing is that my dad is very stubborn. In his mind, he is always right and there is no changing that. If he believes strongly about something, he will fight for it until he gets things to go his way. Lastly, my mother and father also have differences when it comes to hobbies. My mom is more into art, such as drawing and painting. Different from my mom, my dad is more into athletics . He plays tennis. One more thing is he loves being on the Internet. Every day, he is on the internet for hours. My mother and my father are both music lovers, but they have an ear for different types of music. My mom likes the Vietnamese country music; the music is part of the traditions of the Cuu Long region where she was born. My Dad is more into modern music, like the music you hear on the TV or radio In conclusion, my mom and dad are both great parents. They are different in many respects, but they have been living happily for more than 30 years. To me,their differences are not things that make it difficult for them. On the other hand, these differences allowed them to learn about each other, and build a strong relationship.

Flow Charts Essay Example For Students

Flow Charts Essay This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution to a given problem. Process operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows; rather, they are implied by the sequencing of operations. Flowcharts are used in analyzing designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields. 5/mambo I Name (alias) Description I Process Show a Process or action step. This is the most common symbol in both process flowcharts and process maps. I Predefined Process (Subroutine)l A Predefined Process symbol is a marker for another process step or series of process flow steps that are formally defined elsewhere. This shape commonly depicts sub-processes (or subroutines in programming flowcharts). If the sub-process is considered known but not actually defined in a process procedure, work instruction, or some other process flowchart or documentation, then it is best not to use this symbol since it implies a tortilla defined process. I Alternate process As the shape name suggests, this flowchart symbol is used when the process flow step is an alternate to the normal process step. V-love lines into an alternate process flow step are typically dashed, I Delay The Delay flowchart symbol depicts any waiting period that is part of a process. Delay shapes are common in process mapping, I Preparation As the names states, any process step that is a Preparation process flow step, such as a set-up operation. I Manual Operation Manual Operations flowchart shapes show which process steps are not automated. In data processing flowcharts, this data flow shape indicates a looping operation along with a loop limit symbol (which is not supported by Microsoft Office, but a Manual Operation symbol rotated 1800 Will do the trick. Branching and Control Of Symbols Symbol Name I Flow Line (Arrow, Connector) Flow line connectors show the direction that the process flows. I Terminator (Terminal Point, Oval) Terminators show the start and stop points in a process. When used as a Start symbol, terminators depict trigger action that sets the process flow into motion. I I Decision I Indicates a question or branch in the process flow, Typically, a Decision flowchart shape is used when there are 2 options (Yes/No, No/No-Go, etc. ) Connector (Inspection) Flowchart: In flowcharts, this symbol is typically small and is used as a Connector to show a ump trot one point in the process flow to another. Connectors are usually labeled with capital letters (A, B, AAA) to show matching jump points. They are handy for avoiding flow lines that cross other shapes and flow lines. They are also handy for jumping to and from a sub-processes defined in a separate area than the main flowchart. Process Mapping: In process maps, this symbol is full sized and shows an Inspection point in the process flow. [Just to confuse things further, some people Will use a circle to indicate an operation and a square to indicate an inspection. Thats why its important to include a symbol key in the flowchart. I I Off-page Connector Off-page Connector shows continuation of a process flowchart onto another page. When using them in conjunction With Connectors, its best to differentiate the labels, e. G. Use numbers for Off-Page Connectors and capital letters for Connectors. In actual practice, most flowcharts just use the Connect shape for both on. Page and off-page references. I Merge (Storage) Flowchart: Shows the merging of multiple processes or information into one. Process Mapping: commonly indicates storage of raw materials, Extract (Measurement) Flowchart: Shows when a process splits into parallel tats. Also commonly indicates a Measurement, with a capital M inside the symbol. Process Mapping: commonly indicates storage of finished goods. I Or The logical Or symbol shows when a process diverges usually for more than 2 branches. When using this symbol, it is important to label the out-going flow lines to indicate the criteria to follow each branch. I I Summing Junction The logical Summing Junction flowchart shape is shows when multiple branches converge into a single The merge symbol is more common for this use, though. This symbol and the Or symbol are really more relevant in data recessing flow diagrams than in process flowcharts. I Input and Output Symbols I Data (1/0) The Data flowchart shape indicates inputs to and outputs from a process. As such, the shape is more often referred to as an 1/0 shape than a Data shape. .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a , .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .postImageUrl , .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a , .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:hover , .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:visited , .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:active { border:0!important; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:active , .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud043332fa4f3cc50df4e4a8fd7cd2c6a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Report on The Killer Angels EssayI Document Pretty self explanatory the Document flowchart symbol is for a process step that produces a document. I Multi. Document Same as Document, except, well, multiple documents. This shape is not as commonly used as the Document flowchart shape, even when multiple documents are implied, I I Display Indicates a process step where information is displayed to a person (e. . , PC user, machine operator). I Manual Input I Manual Input flowchart shapes show process steps where the operator/ user is prompted for information that must be manually input into a system. I Card This is the companion to the punched tape flowchart shapes. This shape is seldom used. I Punched Tape I layouts very good at stretching all the life out of a machine, you may still have use for the Punched Tape symbol used for input into old computers and CNN machines. I File and Information Storage Symbols I Stored Data I A general Data Storage flowchart shape used for any process tepee that stores data (as opposed to the more specific shapes to follow next in this table). I I Magnetic Disk (Database) I The most universally recognizable symbol for a data storage location, this flowchart shape depicts a database. Direct Access Storage Direct Access Storage is a fancy way of saying Hard Drive_ Internal Storage I Used in programming flowcharts to mean information stored in memory, as opposed to on a file. I I Sequential Access Storage (Magnetic Tape) I Although it looks like a the symbol is supposed to look like a reel of tape. I Data Processing Symbols I Collate I The Collate flowchart shape indicates a process step that requires organizing data, information, or materials according into a standard format or arrangement. I Sort Indicates the sorting of data, information, materials into some pre-defined order. Check List A checklist is a type of informational job aid used to reduce failure by compensating tort potential limits to human memory and attention. It helps to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task, A basic example is the to do list. A more advanced checklist would be a schedule, which lays out tasks to be done according to time of day or other factors.

Betrayal Essays (1007 words) - Betrayal, 20th Century Fox Films

Betrayal BETRAYAL The American university in Cairo Performing and Visual Arts opened its 1998 Spring Season on February 13th in Wallace Theater on campus with Harold Pinter's play, Betrayal. This play was directed by Eric Grischkat, and the costume design was made by Timaree Mc Cormick. AUC students have strongly participated in the designing, lighting, setting, directing, and in acting. These students were Noha Farouk, Shereef Bishay, Karim Bishay, Ramsi Lehner, and Alaa Shalaby. Betrayal is play that tell the story of two very close friends, Robert, and Jerry. Both of them were married and had children. Both families loved, and respected each other. However, this did not last long because betrayals took place. This play includes eight betrayals; therefore, one can obviously see how well fit the title is to the main theme of the play . In the first place, Emma resorted to betraying her husband because she did not find true love with him so she thought she could find it with Jerry . However, she failed this time too and so she tried Casey. Robert was not the right person for Emma as he was so cold. There is nothing that moves him even when he knew that Emma was betraying him , he was only concerned with whether Ned was his son or not. This is not the normal action of any husband who have just found out that his wife has been betraying him with his best friend for five whole years ! Pinter has written this play in an unusual way . Its actions move from the latter to the former;( i.e. the play began in the year 1977 and ended in 1968 ). Pinter said that the most effective way to handle this play was by moving backwards. I agree with him because if it moved normally from the oldest to the latest it would not have been that interesting . Eric Grischkat keeps the energy and the actors moving, remembering that the main idea is the dishonesty and betrayal of friends who are humans, not only ideas. He left enough room for the audiences to use their imagination by following the too many pauses and silence that are found in the script. The production of the play was successful in that it was far better than reading it . Eric managed to choose the right crew to work with, the actors , the designer of the sets, scene, costumes, lights, sound, and projections . They all worked together to present this good performance. The Wallace Theater is a proscenium theater with low ceiling and small stage which is an obstacle to the director but he managed to solve this problem with the help of the set designer. The action was clear and it build climatically. There was a variety in the mood. All the characters changed a lot from the beginning till the end of the play. The costume and set designer, Timaree McCormick, has created a new world through her special choice of colors of the sets and of the costumes as both of them conveyed the place and the time where and when the play occurred. In Scene Nine, when it was 1968, Emma was wearing mini-skirts which matched the fashion of that time, while in Scene One the style were different as it matched the fashion of the 70s. Timaree's choise of colors had certain significance . For example, Jerry kept wearing the brown color throughout the play. The significance of this is that he is the person who knows nothing and who betrayed his best friend . She made an excellent use of every single part of the stage. Although the space was limited, she managed to overcome this problem. For example, the entrances and exits were done from the outside of the Wallace because of the lack of the space. She made use of every piece of furniture on the stage, such as the bed that was used twice. It was once Robert's and Emm a's hotel room in Venice and other time , the bed inside the bedroom in Robert's and Emma's house in London. She used the apron of the stage as the balcony in the hotel room in Venice. The arrangement

Make Way for New Words

Make Way for New Words Make Way for New Words Make Way for New Words By Mark Nichol The Oxford English Dictionary has an insatiable appetite for new entries: Every three months, it expands its inventory with dozens of words. A recent newspaper article, however, sensationalized recent acquisitions by selectively announcing a pile of pop-culture-inspired terms, missing the whole point of a dictionary. The OED, like most other dictionaries, is descriptivist: It describes the state of the language. Some descriptivist resources weigh in on the formality of given entries, or their acceptability by a panel of language experts. The procedure for approving candidate terms for inclusion varies, as dictionary staffs differ on how long a term should have been in general circulation before it earns the stamp of approval. But dictionaries do not include or omit words based on their quality. So, withhold your outrage when you read that you can now find such entries as bromance (a close friendship between two men), guyliner (eyeliner worn by a man), and mankini (a man’s one-piece bathing suit with shoulder straps). The apocalypse is not nigh. The OED is merely reflecting usage. (Well, OK, maybe the apocalypse is nigh.) But wait, you argue. You wouldn’t be caught uttering or penning one of those words, inducted into the OED in 2011. My rebuttal? I deduce that you are over twenty-five years old. Well, yes, you might reply as is a majority of the world’s English-reading population. That’s true, and many people born in the last twenty-five years would probably be embarrassed to employ one of these terms in conversation, too. But many folks of all ages know these words they’re in our word-hoard, whether we choose to speak or write them or not. And though some may turn out to be ephemeral, the OED has rightfully catalogued them as being in current usage. Here are a few terms added in the most recent round that I predict might have more staying power than those listed above: Cybercast: an online audiovisual broadcast Paywall: an online system that restricts access to those who pay a subscription Super PAC: a political action committee with restrictions on funding as long as specific political candidates are not the recipients In the What Took You So Long category are such terms as blacktop, a verb describing the process of paving a surface (the noun form already existed in the OED’s pages), earthlike (self-explanatory), and supertitle, the word for transcribed or translated text displayed above a stage or on a screen. In the Department of Redundancy Department category is bimble, a synonym (primarily used in British English) for amble or meander. But English is replete with multiple words with the same meaning, so bring it on. An honorable mention, for clever coinage, goes to aptronym, the word for a personal name usually humorously or ironically suited to the person, such as in the case of an undertaker named Grimm or a clumsy woman named Grace. Whether you love or hate each of these terms or the hundreds of others being poured into dictionaries each year, keep in mind that although inclusion does enhance the possibility that they will be used more often, the realm of English is a free country, and you are welcome to accept or reject them in your own writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?"Replacement for" and "replacement of"People vs. Persons

Investigations in Asthma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Investigations in Asthma - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that asthma is a clinical syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by three distinct components: (1) recurrent episodes of airway obstruction that resolve spontaneously or as a result of treatment; (2) exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response to stimuli that have little or no effect in nonasthmatic subjects, a phenomenon known as airway hyperresponsiveness; and (3) inflammation of the airways.  This essay discusses that a  large national study has revealed that in the UK the incidence rate of asthma has decreased in the last few years from 6.9 per 1000 patient years in 2001 to 5.2 per 1000 patient years in 2005. This decrease is most prominent in children under 5 years of age. This group also shows a decrease in the lifetime prevalence of asthma. In adults, however, the lifetime prevalence has increased with one person in every nine being diagnosed with asthma. These figures show that asthma is one of the major health problems we face today. This paper illustrates that the investigations carried out in a case of asthma depend upon the mode of presentation of the patient. The researcher’s patient presented with acute severe asthma, with a widespread expiratory wheeze. In such a patient, the initial investigations will be aimed at analyzing rapidly the condition of the patient and determining the emergency measures that need to be instituted.... e or a PEFR of less than 200L/min would be classified as severe asthma(Boon, Colledge, Walker & Hunter 2006), requiring iv steroids and nebulized salbutamol and terbutaline. Because PEF meters are inexpensive and widely available, they also play an important role in confirmation of a diagnosis of asthma in patients with mild symptoms. The patients are told to record morning and evening values of PEF. Morning values 20 % lower than evening values are indicative of asthma, as is improvement in symptoms after administration of corticosteroids for a period of 3 weeks. (Boon, Colledge, Walker & Hunter 2006.) Studies demonstrate that PEF meters are a patient friendly method of monitoring of disease progression although prolonged periods of measurement are met with decreased patient compliance. Compliance with PEF measurements was found to be good during the first month (63% of the measurements done) but even with regular reinforcement, fell to 50% at 6 months and to 33% at 12 months. (Cote, Cartier and Malo 1998). Furthermore it has been found that individualized action plans based on the patients best PEFR measurements consistently improve asthma health outcomes. (Gibson & Powell 2004). PEFR measurements are also useful in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. If PEFR measurements are made every 2 hours over a period of 2 weeks, including a period of time away from work then the sensitivity and specificity of this test for the detection of occupational asthma are 71 and 84% respectively(Perrin & Lagier 1992). PEFR measurement is useful however it also has certain shortcomings which may influence the investigation. Some degree of airflow obstruction may be present when the peak flow remains within the normal range. Peak flow measurements are not enough to distinguish upper

The Classification of People or Individual on the Face of Law Essay

The Classification of People or Individual on the Face of Law - Essay Example Congress has been given big latitude to regulate commerce with any foreign nations and among other of its several states. Constitution, in this case, confers power and legal justification for the federal governments to control the commerce of the state. Commerce regulation involves a wide range of control that includes the exchange of goods and services. However, the definitions of commerce have been a very controversial one. The very constitutions that have given latitude to the Congress to regulate commerce do not explicitly define the commerce that it intends the Congress to be regulated. In its inadequacies, the constitution does not clearly describe the social intercourses between citizens of different states. Consequently, the constitution leaves a huge gap in identifying the commerce and the dividing line between the state power and those of the federal government. Wherefore, with this wide gap of the inadequacy and incompleteness of the clause, there is a legal problem in its application. In particular are the cyberspace and the federal power in regulating it while excising the commerce clause. Considering the case of American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan vs. the federal government, the association complained against the application of the commercial clause because they termed it criminalizing online communication and termed it as violation of the freedom of speech and a violation of the commerce clause that is provided in the constitution of United States of America.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Writer's choice - Essay Example It is this particular factor that enhances the delegation of duties thereby enabling the project managers to carryout work systematically. Most importantly, the order of the building components assists the project managers in ensuring that the building are of high performance in terms of health (Sommer, 2010). Safety as well as durability of the structure are key concerns that engineers meet by guaranteeing compatibility of the building components. Top on the list of the challenges that an FPM manager is likely to face due to the disregard for fundamental building systems is misallocation of building systems. FPM managers play a significant role in the project management especially at the construction stage. According to Sommer (2010), in the event that such a manager is unfamiliar with building systems, it will be difficult to identify accurately the category where each of the building components falls. This means that the facility and property manager will not meet both client and user needs. Coupled with the mentioned aspect is the challenge of either under or overestimating the cost of the basic construction components (Sommer, 2010).Ultimately, poor cost estimation interferes with the operations making the project to fall short of delivering strategic needs. The building may be incapable to solving disaster and emergency cases due to poor implementation of basic

The Criminal Justice System And Mental Health Crisis Criminology Essay

The Criminal Justice System And Mental Health Crisis Criminology Essay Mental health care in the United States today is at a crisis point. Nowhere is this crisis more evident than looking into the criminal justice system. Beginning in the 1970s, the Community Mental Health Act deinstitutionalized all inmates of the asylum that were not a clear and present danger to themselves and society (Allen et. al, 2013, p. 390). Since then, the closing of 90% of state and community mental health facilities has had an tremendous effect on another institution: the correctional facilities. The decline in the use of state mental institutions has resulted in the mentally ill being cast into the streets, often resulting in incarceration for minor offenses such as trespassing, theft, indecent behavior or public intoxication. Their mental illness combined with drug abuse which is quite common with street life, can however result in dangerous and destructive behavior. Since most states today do not have the capacity to accommodate the mentally ill in a treatment facility, t hey are sent to prison instead. In prison, they are treated with medication, examined by physicians, psychologists and counselors and recover from their illness to an extent that they are able to be released to live a normal life. The reality is, however, the recidivism rate for the mentally ill is astounding. Within 18-months of their release, nearly two-thirds will find themselves back behind bars. With little to no support system awaiting them in the free world, they often struggle to maintain a supply of their medication, remember to take any medication they have, find housing or a job. They often become homeless and stop taking their medication. . Their inability to assimilate to freedom once again finds them decompensated, off their medication and back into the system to start the cycle over again; being arrested either for minor or violent crimes and their return to incarcerated life the only life that is able to provide them with a routine of proper care. This creates a revolving door of treatment and reha bilitation followed by decompensation and incarceration for many of the mentally ill. The state of Colorado is no exception to this scenario. In 2009, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) gave Colorado an overall grade of C in their care provided to the mentally ill. The state received an F in Health Promotion Measurement, a B in Financing Core Treatment/Recovery Services, a C in Consumer Family Empowerment and a D in Community Integration Social Inclusion. Not surprisingly, the areas in need of the most improvement included workforce development, housing, jail diversion programs, availability of reentry programs, mental illness public education efforts and per capita mental health courts. The state received a grade of zero in many of these categories and fell well below the average U.S. score in others. On the other hand, the Colorado Department of Corrections (DOC) Mental Health Unit: provides and manages cost effective mental health services to offenders. Services are provided to diminish the risk to public and institutional safety, and maintain or improve offender level of functioning. The DOC provides a wide range of professional psychiatric, psychological, social work, and mental health treatment services to offenders incarcerated in the DOC.  Ã‚   The DOC Mental Health Unit manages the mental health needs of the offender population from intake at the Denver Reception and Diagnostic Center (DRDC), throughout their incarceration, and provides specialized transition services for targeted populations as they leave the facilities to parole, community corrections placements, or discharge.   (DOC, 2012) The funds and care appropriated to the criminal justice system as opposed to the Division of Mental Health in Colorado for the care of mental illness is a clear indication of the volume of inmates with mental illness that the correctional facilities receive. The criminalization of persons suffering from mental illness is a critical component of the escalating prison populationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ who at one time would have been treated in mental hospitals, are displaced into correctional facilities (OKeefe Schnell, 2007 p.82). Data gathered by OKeefe and Schnell (2007) indicates that nearly 25% of U.S. inmates incarcerated in state facilities are mentally ill while the approximation of mental illness in the general populous accounts for only 2.6% making it obvious that they are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. In the Unites States today, with mental health care in its current state, it is practically impossible to separate mental health care from the correctional system. An offenders first experience within the correctional sytem, whether mentally ill or not, is usually with an arrest being made and sent to a locally operated jail. Thus, it is essential to provide training and appropriate training to those who serve the communities at the most provincial level to understand mental illness in an offender so that they may be directed to the proper institution for care. Public awareness and increased government recognition in recent years has seen the development of jail diversion programs to increase screening and treatment options at the local level. Additionally, mental health screening and treatment is now required to be provided as a matter of policy so that psychotropic medications are prescribed and counseling is done by trained mental health providers in all Federal prisons and most S tate prisons and jail jurisdictions (Davis, Fallon, Vogel, Teachout, 2008, p.218). This seems to be a step in the right direction, however, while the program requires the availability of the service, access and quality of service or rather the lack of, has rendered such programs to be ineffectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and incompatible with therapeutic efforts (David et al., 2008, p. 218). One of the most important and difficult challenges faced by the correctional systems is identification of mental illness. Screening for mental health at the time of intake becomes a vital part of the process to determine whether an offender requires psychological treatment or to be places in a mental hospital, at least temporarily, rather than to be incarcerated. Offenders with a mental illness require treatments, medications, and social support needs that significantly differ from other, non-mentally ill offenders in order to assist them with the ability to cope with prison life. OKeefe and Schnells rese arch provided that the strongest contributing factor to the identification of mental disorders is a charted history of mental illness. Offenders with a recorded treatment history saw a 91.7% detection rate of mental illness whereas only 32.5% were detected when treatment histories were unknown (2007, p. 84). The conventional challenges confronted by any incarcerated person with a mental health problem are inflated dramatically when focused on these offenders ability to function in a correctional setting. As stated, research has shown that, many of the mental health needs of offenders often go undetected and/or untreated in correctional settings. This has serious implications for the inmate, the individuals surrounding them in the institution (other inmates and staff alike), and the community at large, when the inmate is eventually returned to society (Olley, Nicholls Brink, 2009). Community based care is vital to the success and rehabilitation of mentally ill inmates that have been released. Many of these former inmates have very little family, friends or community which will provide a support system during their transition from incarceration back into society. Those who are released into the custody of parole or probation often find success for the duration of their stay at a half-way house or while probation officers are available to monitor their progress and ensure they are taking their medications. Those who have completed their sentence and are simply released, or maxed out of the system, fare worse as they usually have no home, job, stability or support awaiting them to ease the transition. Without support incorporated with mental health care, substance abuse, employment, and other services, many people with mental illness end up being homeless, disconnected from community supports, and thus more likely to . . . become involved with the criminal justice system (Davis et al, 2008, p. 219). According to John Suthers, the executive director of the Colorado Department of Corrections, only 5% of the prison population was chronically mentally ill. By 1999, the number had doubled and 95% of them would be returning to our communities, where theyll have very little support. Theyll probably stop taking their medication, and many of them become violent without it. Thatll force them back into the criminal justice system (Groom, 1999, p.115). Over the course of a decade beginning in 1995, the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections has enhanced the continuity-of-care policies and procedures for inmates with mental illness and co-occurring disorders, and developed programsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to assist inmates with reentry into the community (Couturier, 2005, p. 83). The Community Orientation and Reintegration program developed by the Pennsylvania DOC and described in Couturiers article (2005) is a two-phase program designed to enable inmates transition from the prison environment to their home community. The program provides an individualized agenda based on the inmates ability levels and progress level attained within the correctional facility. The first phase of the program as described by Couturier (2005) is completed in the prison during the several weeks prior to discharge and addresses the critical issues of parole responsibilities such as employment preparation, vocational evaluation, personal finances, substance abuse e ducation, Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous meetings, housing, family and parenting, mental health, life skills, antisocial attitudes and community (give back) services (Couturier, 2005, p. 83). The second phase of the program prepares inmates to return to the community over a four- to six-week program individually designed to the best capabilities and interests of the offender. The Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole and DOC community corrections staff establish a release date for the inmate as to when he is able to leave from the community corrections center based upon his progress. If necessary, program procedures can be modified to meet the needs of an offender with special needs. This kind of program greatly benefits not only the inmate as his transition to the community is monitored and supported; it is also beneficial to the community receiving the former inmate as their chances of assimilating to the community increase their potential threat to the community de creases. The Colorado Department of Corrections opened the San Carlos Correctional Facility in 1995 in response to the increasing number of mentally ill inmates that required special needs. The facility supports a capacity of 255 beds and is ran more as a therapeutic community much like a rehabilitation center for addicts rather than a traditional lock-down prison and is able to provide specialized treatment, care, and programming to mental health special need male offenders in a Level V Correctional Facility.  Ã‚  Prepare offenders for successful community re-entry or successful reintegration into Colorado Department of Corrections Facilities.   Promote a positive work culture with innovative management practices in an ethical, professional, and responsible manner by empowering employees and promoting staff development (SCCF, 2012). Programs provided to prisoners at the San Carlos facility in order to aid in transitioning to society include: Adult Basic Education, Work Activity Center wh ere offenders learn basic skills such as sewing, using a time clock and responsible behavior in a work place, Mental Health classes in: Understanding Your Mental Illness, Symptom/Medication Management, Institutional Coping Skills and Addiction Recovery Programs according to their website (SCCF, 2012). Once released, they are sent to a halfway house where the residents continue an after-care program where they learn to live and work in the community (Groom, 1999, p. 119) as well as receive psychiatric care and access to their medications. Although protection of autonomy for those with a mental illness is essential, the rights of the inmates need to be balanced with the necessity of providing care to those whom are not able to understand how the administration of mental healthcare is beneficial to them, the inmate population and to the correctional staff. Some authorities have asserted the benefits of providing mental health services to incompetent prisoners; however, advocating involuntary treatment of individuals who decline to consent should be taken with caution, particularly in such a vulnerable population as inmates. It is advantageous for any civilized society to ensure adequate legal protection of the civil liberties of its marginalized citizens and that any such treatment is provided in compliance with applicable statute. The ethics and human rights requirements require careful monitoring and such treatment must clearly be in the best interests of the inmate (Olley, Nicholls Brink, 2009, p. 829-830). Although there are numerous challenges to providing appropriate mental health services to inmates experiencing mental health problems, the moment of opportunity that is available when an individual with mental health needs is in correctional custody should not be ignored. Many individuals receive their first real, complete mental health evaluation upon entering the correctional system. Their and the attentive care that they receive can offer a therapeutic window which otherwise may not have been available to the offender at any other time in their life. Clinical and research experiences in jails and prisons have found that inmates frequently report that their admissions to corrections is the first time they have been asked about their psychiatric symptoms, their suicidal thoughts or behaviors, and their mental health needs, or had an opportunity to experience the relief brought about by antipsychotic or mood stabilizing medications (Olley, Nicholls Brink, 2009, p. 830). Prison is not an easy place to acclimate to. The function of a prison is to first and foremost provide safety and security to the community it serves; not to provide mental health treatment. Prison life comes with a set of strict rules, regulations, orders and standards that must be maintained by every prisoner regardless of their mental capacity to do so. Despite the provisions of medication, therapy, and other mental health services provided by the correctional system; it is nevertheless true for those with suffering from a mental illness that prison life can aggravate aspects of the illness resulting in behavioral disruptions. Medications relieve many of the manifestations of mental illness that perpetuate behavioral infractions; therefore, disruptive behaviors are most likely to occur when the inmate is not taking their medication. Many mentally ill inmates refuse to take medications, and when this occurs, prison staff typically cannot forcibly administer them without a court ord er. Noncompliance occurs because the inmates want to avoid unpleasant side effects or benefit from selling or bargaining medications for desired amenities (OKeefe Schnell, 2007). Detrimental effects of medication noncompliance are further agitated by environmental variables. The prison environment is comprised of many adverse conditions that negatively affect all prisoners, such as overcrowding, excessive noise and uncomfortable temperatures. Lack of autonomy, physical confinement, and humiliation can evoke fear and stress. The abrasive atmosphere in correctional facilities, when compounded by mental illness, can easily trigger behavioral infractions such as yelling and aggressive behavior toward other inmates and staff, which lead to punitive consequences. OKeefe and Schnell (2007) also site a study conducted in 2006 that further provided evidence of prison adjustment issues where 58% of offenders with a mental illness were charged with rule violations in comparison to only 43% of non-mentally ill offenders. Additionally, the offenders behavioral disturbances can sometimes agitate other inmates and result in aggression towards the individual causing the annoyance. Correspondingly, it was found that mentally ill offenders were twice as likely to sustain a fighting injury as their non-mentally ill counterparts (OKeefe Schnell, 2007 p.87). Noncompliance with the regulations of the facility result in disciplinary action which can extend the sentence of an inmate sometimes far beyond the recommended sentencing guidelines for the crime they committed. Carl McEachron, an inmate at the maximum security prison in Lucasville, Ohio featured in PBS Frontlines documentary The New Asylum, has been in prison for 16years on a three year sentence for burglary on account of the countless disciplinary actions (Navaski OConnor, 2005).

ATVs: A Mans World :: essays research papers fc

ATV’s: A Man’s World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Propaganda is everywhere. It is on the television, in the newspapers, magazines, and the internet. Everywhere you turn, it’s there. The problem with this is that people merely dismiss it as truth. When people see propaganda, they don’t â€Å"see† propaganda; they see a nice new sport-utility vehicle with a â€Å"powerful engine† and â€Å"cool rims†. When an advertisement uses propaganda, it’s over-looked and the reader is caught in the trap laid out for him. People see everything the designer of that particular advertisement wants them to see. The advertisements selected and interpreted for this assignment are directed towards male’s ages 18 to 27 in the United States. They use three different forms of propaganda to send the same message; â€Å"Buy this, it’s fun and your friends will be so jealous.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first advertisement, for the Arctic Cat 650, uses the glittering generalities technique to lure people into buying their product. It depicts a young man riding their product, a massive ATV, with a helmet and ATV eyewear. He is covered in mud from head to toe and seems to carry this â€Å"I’m better than you are.† persona. It seams to me that simply because he is riding this particular product, he feels as though he is better than any who is not riding the same ATV. The glittering generalities technique uses specific words to make us believe that their product is better for us or will make us happier than their competitors’ similar product. This advertisement uses many â€Å"glittering† words and phrases to make their product more appealing to those targeted. Some of these phrases include ‘new and improved for 2005’ and ‘the amazing’. These glittering generalizations could be said about any all-terrain vehic le. The problem with generalizations is that there is no hard evidence to back it up, they simply state what the designer wants them to state. However, the normal reader of this advertisement would never question the truth of the words stated therein. Other generalizations in this advertisement include, ‘the most powerful ATV on the market’. How can they claim this without giving proof of their claim? Simple, they are using propaganda to stretch the truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another advertisement uses testimonials or endorsements to sell their product, the Kawasaki Brute Force. This ad shows their product ahead of the pack in an actual race. He is just crossing the finish line as the picture was taken.

Evaluating Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing Essay

This paper that I am writing on is a piece of paper; that is undeniable fact. Hundreds of years of development and definition also back up this statement as do any scientific experiments carried out upon it in an effort to prove that this piece of paper is indeed a piece of paper. Yet through reasoning the fact that this is a piece of paper can be disputed and even proved wrong. Reason seems like an excellent way to work out the world around us. It uses all of the facts available to come up with a suitable hypothesis which can be tested and either proved or disproved through experimentation. This is the foundation of science, which is what the majority of people would trust. So anything proved through scientific means is therefore and irrefutable fact. Of course, in every experiment write up there is an acknowledgement that the data collected might not be completely accurate or that the interpretation of results might be wayward but again this is perfectly reasonable. It is reasonabl e to assume that despite your best efforts you may have got the answer wrong and another answer, no matter how unlikely, may be correct. As well as reason being proved by scientific experiment it can also be proved by historical fact. For example, it is undisputable fact that on 30th May 1431 Joan of Arc was burned at the stake. That cannot be argued with, it was that date and will always be that date no matter what happens in the future and every history text or website would agree with that fact. So it is therefore illogical to start claiming that Joan of Arc died last week as historical facts, which are perfectly reasonable, tell us otherwise. However, does reason really help us in our quest for knowledge or is it a poor way of finding out about the world? Despite much scientific investigation and historical knowledge there are many questions in the world that are left unanswered and unexplained. These questions are sometimes fundamental to life itself. For example, how are we conscious beings that can interact with the world beyond purely animal instincts? This question could possibly be explained by the electrica l impulses in the brain that form our thoughts but how can we have developed into any kind society purely through electrical impulses? In this case, using reason to explain what is happening almost seems unreasonable as the potential answer seems not to be able to completely cover the question. After all, if it is only electrical impulses, then what need is there for a person to be able to be able to create a symphony with an orchestra? As well as reason not being able to answer some questions there are some problems with following logical arguments. Logical fallacies are the main example of this. This is where through looking at two or more facts a conclusion is drawn which is false. For example: Cake is food, food is tasty, and therefore cake is tasty. However, this is obviously not true as whilst some cake may be tasty, perhaps even the majority; this does not mean to say that all cake is tasty. After all a burnt cake is not that tasty! Also not only is the conclusion false the two facts through which the conclusion is derived can also be said to be false. After all, any cake that I bake should not be classed as food and not all food is tasty. This statement is far too general and is a large problem with logical fallacies as they generally come to a wrong conclusion, both through the ignorance of other factors as well as the fact that often the facts are not completely accurate in the first place. Lateral thinking is also something which at first seems illogical yet (often) in hindsight becomes logical. It is creative thinking which does not merely follow the most logical steps to reach an answer. For example a suggested solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East was to ship vast amounts of Marmite to the area. This seems utterly senseless, as surely holding talks and making agreements between the two sides would be the best steps forward. However, on examining the idea further it becomes logical, if creative! In the typical diet of people in the Middle Eastern area there is a lack of zinc due to the main diet of unleavened bread. This lack of zinc creates aggression. Marmite contains a lot of zinc and therefore could be used to solve the problem in the Middle East. Whilst this solution does not seem reasonable it would work and so shows that reason is not always the best policy. There is also a difference in opinion between what people may think is logical and illogical. Many people in the world take illogical decisions and believe illogical knowledge. Or they seem to do so. Religion is a major factor in many people’s lives and it affects many of the things that they think and do. Due to this people may make a decision that seems illogical to secular people which is perfectly logical to religious people. This brings up the question of; what is reason? After all if two different decisions about the same thing are made and are both reasonable to those people it begs the question of whether or not reason itself can be defined. Is reason just a matter of opinion or is there a yardstick by which all reasonable decisions can be made. If we look back at the British Empire one of the purposes of that was to; â€Å"Make the world England† rather then to respect what other cultures thought and did. In many small islands in the Far East a warrior culture was common and often tribes would fight each other for prestige rather then for anything else. However, to the British this seemed barbaric, yet without it the culture fell apart. For them it was reasonable for this to take place, the knowledge they had seemed to point to the fact that this was a good thing. But not for the British who had a very different opinion through the knowledge that they had acquired. To conclude reason as a way of knowing has both strengths and weaknesses. The weaknesses are that a difference of opinion means that people will reason differently too making it an irregular method of making decisions and acquiring knowledge. Reason may also not be the best policy as more creative solutions may be better which can be derived through latera l thinking. Also logical fallacies call into question the validity of reason as they produce false results through logical steps. As well as this we cannot answer some fundamental questions through reason. However, reason is often the best way that we can make decisions in the world. Scientific experiment and historical knowledge are two very good examples of how reason cannot be changed and is therefore very valuable as it allows us to have consistency with our knowledge. Of course religion means that some inconsistency comes into play with our knowledge but on the whole reason is often the best policy.

Family Tree of Harry Potter Author, JK Rowling

Family Tree of Harry Potter Author, JK Rowling Joanne (J.K.) Rowling was born in Chipping Sodbury near Bristol, England, on 31 July 1965. This is also the birthday of her famous wizard character Harry Potter. She attended school in Gloucestershire until the age of 9 when her family moved to Chepstow, South Wales. From an early age, J.K. Rowling aspired to be a writer. She studied at the University of Exeter before moving to London to work for Amnesty International. While in London, J.K. Rowling began her first novel. Her long road to the publication of the first Harry Potter book, however, was shadowed by the loss of her mother in 1990 and over a year of rejections by various agents and publishers. J. K. Rowling has since written seven books in the Harry Potter series and was named the greatest living British writer by The Book Magazine in June 2006 and Person of the Year in 2007. Her books have sold hundreds of millions of copies around the world. J.K. Rowling Joanne (J.K.) Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucestershire, England. She first married television journalist Jorge Arantes in Portugal on 16 October 1992. The couple had one child, Jessica Rowling Arantes, born in 1993 and the couple divorced a few months later. J.K. Rowling later married again, to Dr. Neil Murray (b. 30 June 1971) on 26 December 2001 in their home in Perthshire, Scotland. The couple has had two children: David Gordon Rowling Murray, born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 23 March 2003 and Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray, born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 23 January 2005. J.K. Rowling's Parents Peter John Rowling was born in 1945. Anne Volant was born on 6 Feb 1945 in Luton, Bedfordshire, England. She died from complications of multiple sclerosis on 30 Dec 1990. Peter James Rowling married Anne Volant on 14 Mar 1965 in All Saints Parish Church, London, England. The couple had the following children: Joanne (J.K.) Rowling.Dianne (Di) Rowling, who was born on 28 Jun 1967 in Yate, Gloucestershire, England. Rowling's Grandparents Ernest Arthur Rowling was born on 9 July 1916 in Walthamstow, Essex, England and died about 1980 in Newport, Wales. Kathleen Ada Bulgen was born on 12 January 1923 in Enfield, Middlesex, England and died on 1 Mar 1972. Ernest Rowling and Kathleen Ada Bulgen were married on 25 Dec 1943 in Enfield, Middlesex, England. The couple had the following children: Jeffrey Ernest Rowling, born on 2 Oct 1943 in Enfield, Middlesex, England and died of bladder cancer on 20 Jul 1998 in Juno Beach, Palm Becah County, Florida.Peter John Rowling. Stanley George Volant was born on 23 June 1909 in St. Marylebone, London, England. Louisa Caroline Watts (Freda) Smith was born on 6 May 1916 in Islington, Middlesex, England. According to a 2005 article Plot twist shows Rowling is true Scot in the London Times, based on research by genealogist Anthony Adolph, Louisa Caroline Watts Smith is thought to have been the daughter of Dr. Dugald Campbell, who is said to have had an affair with a young bookkeeper named Mary Smith. According to the article, Mary Smith disappeared soon after giving birth, and the girl was raised by the Watts family who owned the nursing home where the girl was born. She was called Freda and told only that her father was a Dr. Campbell. The birth certificate for Louisa Caroline Watts Smith lists no father and identifies the mother only as Mary Smith, bookkeeper of 42 Belleville Rd. The birth took place at 6 Fairmead Road, which is confirmed in the London Directory of 1915 to be the residence of Mrs. Louisa Watts, midwife. Mrs. Louisa C. Watts later appears as a witness to Fredas marriage to Stanley Volant in 1938. Louisa Caroline Watts (Freda) Smith died about April 1997 in Hendon, Middlesex, England. Stanley George Volant and Louisa Caroline Watts (Freda) Smith were married on 12 March 1938 in All Saints Church, London, England. The couple had the following children: Anne Volant.Marian Volant.

Eliot And Sylvia Essays - Chapbooks, Free Essays, Term Papers

Eliot And Sylvia Essays - Chapbooks, Free Essays, Term Papers Eliot And Sylvia , talking of Michelangelo, a subject so deep that it begs a discussion more serious than that of the chatter at ladies' tea parties. But the women just come and go, discussing the great artist only superficially, and Prufrock addresses the ladies with an air almost of biting sarcasm. Prufrock then decides to switch back to this other, more beautiful world, and he describes the fog rubbing up against the windowpanes. He describes the fog almost as if it were an animal; personifying it and giving even it some sense of feline beauty With Sylvia, the only feeling that is particularly obvious is one of contented pride, as the mother celebrates her baby's birth (Our voices echo, magnifying your arrival) and congratulates it on its newly-found independence. There does seem to be an upset, almost resentful undertone, as the mother says I'm no more your mother/ Than the cloud which distills a mirror to reflect its own slow/ Effacement at the wind's hand. Although she is only pointing out that this is the case, she seems to be nostalgic for the time when her baby was wholly dependant on her. The focus of the poem, however, seems to be on discovery, as is shown by the end: And now you try Your handful of notes;/ The clear vowels rise like balloons. This appears to be a description of the baby crying, but instead of reprimanding her child, the mother acclaims it. This has the effect of showing her contentment due to the baby being able to cry, and her satisfaction with regard to its experimental use of sounds. The new co ming baby is very excited as a child cry, the sound of live and hope, but after a few days later, her child is gone because a miscarry problem, she lost her child. I am no more your mother. In T.S Eliot's the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock self esteem affects his love life greatly. The woman he is in love with is younger than he is and this distresses him. He does not believe that some younger woman could possibly accept him or find him attractive. Expressing any kind of affection to her is awkward and difficult. Prufrock knows what he must say but cannot bring himself to say it should I, after tea and cakes and ices, have the strength to force the moment to it's crisis? (79-80) his apprehensiveness in his love life is very troublesome for him indeed. The debate in Prufrock's mind finally comes to a close when he compares himself to prince Hamlet from William Shakespear's masterpiece Hamlet. Prurock decides he is diplomatic, conscientious, and strives for perfection. However at the same time he tends to lack some sort of mental power fears he is looking like a fool. This is the conclusion he comes to in order to accept his place in society and live life the way he should. Fantasizing of a world where these problems do not exist is a pleasant daydream for Prufrock. He imagines the peaceful world under the sea where social classes do not exist. This shows the internal conflict still occurring within him. Even though he has overcome his problem with his love life, he still has many other worries to contend with. The mermaids a re singing beautifully, but in his opinion, they can not possibly singing for him. His insecurity is still present and seems incurable, his fantasy world is brought to a crashing halt easily. Till human voices wake us, and we drown.(131) His only happiness can be found in daydreams and can be destroyed easily as such. Although giving him temporary relief from the pressures of his life, this dreamlike state is destroyed his heart and only r eturning to the real world will save him. The trauma can happen to anyone similar with Prufrock. Sylvia Plath had been suffer a lonely since a child hood, her dad died when she was eight year old, so lonely is a big problem for her to afraid. Shadows our safety, we stand round blankly as walls. Her comment on motherhood in Morning song tells of her disassociation with it. I'm no more your mother/Than the

Preparation of Unit Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Preparation of Unit Work - Essay Example During a school inspection, it was found that the teachers tend to rely more on course books and other commercial materials, and take little or no initiative at all to make the course more interesting and appropriate with creativity and zeal. This "coursebook-led" approach makes teaching as well as learning a lack-luster, cumbersome exercise. It has been said that we learn 20% of what we hear, 50% of what we see and 80% of what we do. Therefore, mixing course book with practical work by using creative audio visual methods including discussion in pairs and groups is easily a better option as compared to just course book teaching. Besides language, speaking skills involve voice control, overcoming nervousness, and the art of listening, all of which must be properly taught and ingrained in the students' minds. It is not possible to effectively cover all of these in a rigid follow through of a course book. (How To Write and Speak Better)2. Now this situation leads to a ticklish issue. What is a course book Rather, what is the function of a course book A course book is a resource, a medium. The function of teaching materials including course books is to provide information. It is a resource or a medium to be used for guidance and instruction. When a class is being led by the medium, it is obvious that the medium is assuming the role of a leader. Obviously, a medium cannot, by any stretch of imagination, assume the human role of leadership. Furthermore, it is equally preposterous to think it all right for the teacher to simply go through the daily chore of covering a lesson each day and by the time the entire book is covered, to take it for granted that the students have mastered ESL. This method is not adequate in learning a language where participation and expression are as mandatory as grammar and vocabulary. The Coursebook-based approach The ideal approach to teaching a language is the use of a strong students-teacher bond where the teacher is the best embodiment of a textbook. The teacher must be thoroughly familiar with the study material in order to teach, explain and lead the class with lan. ESL students are greatly starved of English teachers who serve as their role models and living textbooks. These students have the remarkable knack of looking into the textbooks on their own and ratify their teacher's explanations and instructions. What they need is the generous use of question answer sessions, group discussions, and the confidence that they are headed in the right direction. In such an environment, the textbooks and supplements do wonders. The urge to study and learn becomes a passion. To begin with, the student is first given a proper overview of the whole course during the first few sessions. This enables the student to be vigilant, well-prepared and he has a good idea of what to expect. The good leadership provided by the teacher makes learning an edifying and pleasant experience. Communication between the teacher and the student is clear, purposeful and objective. The course book is given its due

Third Estate Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Third Estate Paper - Essay Example The first estate comprised religious leaders and the clergy who were the smallest minority, but wielded a great deal of powers and influence in the country. The clergy is known to have owned up to one fifth of the land in France, and had great influence on the monarch. These were exempted from paying taxes and were assigned a number of workers in the churches. The second estate was the ruling class who had immense control and effect upon the third estate and worked to ensure that the rights of members of the third estate were infringed upon to avoid any form of opposition. Because of the unfair treatment members of the third estate received from the first and second estates, there arose revolutionists among them and through the works of the likes of Sieyes, they revolted against the political system, bringing the caste system down, leading to the declaration of human rights, and since the a just and fair society. 2.0. Discussion. The events elaborated in this paper took place before the French revolution in the years preceding 1788. The political situation at this time was dominated by the first and second classes, which were the Catholic Church and the monarch respectively. The knowledge prevailing at this time was that the clergy and nobility were ordained by God and that no one had the right to question whatever they did as they were ‘holy’ and only answerable to God. Noble authority was guided by four characteristics: that it was holy, paternal, absolute, and ruled with a reason. It was, then to be revered by everyone (Hibbert 283). This was the period preceding the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of the Catholic Church. The church was so influential that the papacy dictated every aspect of human life including ethical, moral, religious, and political organization of the society. The church, therefore, grew alongside secular powers, with the two depending on each other mutually for their existence. The persons of this time were largely cl assified into three groups: those who fought (the nobility), those who prayed (the church), and those who labored (the peasantry). The greatest concern for the three groups was power and influence. The church and nobility attained this by instilling ideologies of fear among the third estate that they were a special select by God and that serving them amounted to serving God. For a long tie, they managed to scare the people of the lower class until the time of the Investiture Controversy that saw the second class question the powers and authority of the church. They overthrew the church and took its place in the first estate. The third class, o the other hand, was busy looking for ways it could overthrow the nobility to form a nation of their own where there would be equality among all (Bienvenu 351). In the late 16th century, relations between the king and Estate Generals began to deteriorate, leading to the epoch events where Estate Generals began to break off form the main kingdom power. These further led to the onset of the French Revolution characterized by weeks and months of civil unrest, especially by members of the third estate. The revolution was brought to an end after the first and second estates agreed to include representatives from the third estate in the governing body and reforms

Personal Statement for International commercial and business law

For International commercial and business law - Personal Statement Example By studying business law I have come to understand that the legitimate system of a nation is closely linked to its social, political and cultural customs and to its complete financial condition. In exact, the skills in business Law that I studied at the university is a field that is aimed at regulating the global monetary associations; it comprises international community law, global private law and the public laws of diverse nations. It is my belief that the greatest technique of applying these skills of this this topic well is by getting me into the other nations globally with the aim of experiencing and being acquainted with the precise legitimate systems. When pursuing my undergraduate program at the University, the institution allowed me to learn all the elementary courses of business law in a systematic manner; I was thus able to become exposed to fundamental groups of specific laws. However, among these classes, my most favorite was business law. This enabled me to receive a series of awards and as well as scholarships, this was a significance of how I exceled in my academic works. In 2009, due to the excellent school performance, I managed to qualify on a trip that was very educative and that where i attained the vast experience that I have today, I was selected as one of the five students to go to Korea to present my university in a course program. On this trip we spend a full month whereby I managed to work together and bond with law students internationally, the most fundamental courses that I studied at the program in Korea entailed, Global Financial Law, Overview of American law, and WTO and China. These lectures were mostly given my professors who were form the United States. I did not only manage to attain high marks for these courses. On the other hand, I managed to adapt myself to the different styles of education that

Women in Society Essay Example for Free

Women in Society Essay The role of women has changed drastically throughout history. Women were once thought to only be able to stay at home and tend the house and family. Women were isolated in their domestic sphere; however they did not stay there. Women faced many struggles during their battle to end their isolation from the idea of gender roles within the workforce to the belief that women are not equal to men and therefore do not deserve the same rights as men. Before 1865 women had very few rights. Her legal standing depended upon her marital status, and once she was married everything became her husbands. She could not control or acquire any property, she was not allowed to control any wages she earned, she could not transfer or sell any property, and she could not bring a lawsuit, or sign any contract. Her life rested solely in the hands of her husband. Women were expected to maintain the home which included cooking and cleaning. They were also expected to bear children and spend their days focused on those children. In 1840 something began to shift when two women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, met and discussed having a convention to address the situation of women. It took eight years for them to get back together and hold the convention known as The Seneca Falls Convention. The Declaration of Sentiments and its resolutions were presented to a group of three hundred people, including forty men. This stated that men and women were created equal and had a right to equality in all spheres including the right to vote. All of the resolutions were eventually passed. Afterwards they had to deal with ridicule and sarcasm. For example Frederick Douglass wrote a discussion of the rights of animals would be regarded with far more complacency by many of what are called the wise and the good of our land, than would be a discussion of the rights of woman† (na, http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm). This shows just how women  were thought of back then. They were thought to be less than animals. While they faced mockery and anger over the fact that they thought they should have rights they did give the idea of women’s rights publicity and brought attention to the idea. This was the way many women lived until the end of the Civil War. After the Civil War the lives of women saw a change. America was expanding, and people were pushing westward. â€Å"Women played a very important role in the conquest of the West† (Bowles, 2011, The New South and New West (1865- 1890), para. 29). Some women moved west with their families, but there were also many single women who wanted to lead their own lives and widowed women who had no other choice. â€Å"while I suspect that some of the women traveled west for a mate, others were interested in a life built of their own strength, ambition and endurance. Wishart reports in the 2004 Encyclopedia of the Prairie that, under the Homestead Act, only women who were single, widowed, divorced or deserted could sign for their own land† (Willoughby, C.M., March 26, 2010, Pioneer women: how the west was really won, para. 11). Widowed women were forced to take over the role of their departed men. â€Å"These women took on the day-to-day responsibilities of farm and ranch life and were surprisingly successful. A quote from Katie Adams, a Pioneer widow, reads, â€Å"I was just like a hired man. I was right there, I even followed the plow† (Peavey Smith, 1996)† (Willoughby, C.M., March 26, 2010, Pioneer women: how the west was really won, para. 13). In Wyoming and Colorado, between 11 and 18 percent of all homesteaders were single women or widows† (Bowles, 2011, The New South and New West (1865- 1890), para. 30). There was also a need for educated women in the west in order to teach in the schools that were being created and write for the newspapers. This gave women the opportunity to bring in their own monetary contribution to the household or maintain the single life they were creating. The late 19th century was still very rural. In these rural communities women were still treated as if their â€Å"God-given role was as wife and mother, keeper of the household, guardian of the moral purity of all who lived therein. Housework took on a scientific quality, efficiency being the watchword. Children were to be cherished and nurtured. Morality was  protected through the promulgation of Protestant beliefs and social protest against alcohol, poverty and the decay of urban living† (Hartman, D.W., n.d., Women’s Roles in the Late 19th Century, para. 2). The late 19th century saw a huge growth in industry. This growth changed the nature of work in America. In early 19th century work was performed by skilled workers known as artisans, however this changed as businessmen realized that â€Å"mechanization increased profitability and decreased the reliance on skilled labor† (Bowles, 2011, Industrial Titans and Labor Unions (1860’s- 1890’s), para. 16). This opened up the door for women to take these positions. The time period of the 1890’s through the 1920’s is known as the Progressive Era. During this time period women took on a different role. Women were able to find jobs in retail, or as typists, clerks, and telephone operators. More women were graduating from college and going on to become professionals in the areas of law, healthcare, journalism, and science. â€Å"Recognizing the changes that were occurring in the lives of some women, the public and the press coined a phrase for these women, the â€Å"New Woman.† The â€Å"New Woman† was supposedly young, college educated, active in sports, interested in pursuing a career, and looking for a marriage based on equality† (The Status of Women in the Progressive Era, 2007, National Women’s History Museum, para.3). Many women, especially married, middle class women still did not work outside the home, but they still played a role in helping the plight of women by focusing their efforts on the reforms of the era. Women were able to reform areas such as education, sanitation, health, wages, working conditions, social welfare, and their greatest achievement was the implementation of the 19th amendment which gave women the right to vote. This brings us to the Women’s Suffrage Movement in which women sought the right to vote. Granted this movement had been going on for quite some time; however after the 14th and 15th amendment gave the right to vote to not just men but black men as well women believed their time for change had come. Two groups were formed with different ideas in how to achieve this goal. The National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) was formed by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. This group fought for women’s rights on a  national government level. The American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) was the second group that formed. This group fought for rights on a state by state basis. It was not until the two groups put aside their differences and became one forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1890 that serious progress was made. Elizabeth Stanton was the NAWSA’s first president. Susan B. Anthony was the second president. While both of these women were in charge things were handled rather diplomatically and without much in the way of militant tactics. This all changed when Alice Paul took over as the leader after Susan B. Anthony died. Paul organized many protests and marches including one that took place during Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration as president. It was stunts like these that led many women within NAWSA to dislike her ways. She eventually left NAWSA and formed her own group, the National Woman’s Party (NWP). It was this new group that led a seven month picket of the white house which led to the arrest of the NWP suffragists. While they were imprisoned many of the women were placed in solitary confinement, so they went on a hunger strike in order to protest this unfair treatment. These women were then force fed for up to three weeks. When news of this mistreatment reached the rest of America the suffrage movement gained support including that of President Wilson (na., 2012). It was women’s actions during World War I that finally convinced the government that they were equal to men and in August of 1920 the 19th amendment, which gave women the right to vote was ratified. Women voted in their first election in November 1920. Women started off the 20th century in good standing. They had the right to vote finally, they were taking on more professional careers and they were becoming better educated. Women began smoking and drinking publicly, they cut their hair short and their skirts shorter. Women felt a sense of freedom at this point which can be seen when we look at the women’s fashion during these years for instance the flapper was a popular look. This new sense of freedom would be short lived. A change was on the way. On October 24, 1929 the stock market crashed. This brought with it challenges for women that they thought they had overcome. â€Å"Prosperity vanished almost over night, and very quickly, gender roles tightened up again. Many people blamed the crash on the loose morals of the previous decade, and the employment  crisistoo many laborers, too few jobs—seemed to dictate a return to the â€Å"natural† roles† (Radek, K. M., 2001, para. 12). This was the beginning of a time known as the Great Depression. Families lost everything during this time. There were very few jobs, so what jobs there were went to men. â€Å"There was an emotional crisis, as well, especially as men had been traditionally defined by working—especially since the industrial revolution—but couldn’t find work. In other words, without work, they couldn’t see themselves as men. To this end, many areas enacted laws to privilege men over women in regard to employment. Women were thrown out of work, and many states had laws mandating that if men were available, women couldn’t legally work—or if a woman’s husband worked, she couldn’t† (Radek, K. M., 2001, para. 12). Women were expected to take care of everything in the house regardless of a reduction in income. â€Å"Sociologists Robert and Helen Lynd noticed this trend in a study of Muncie, Indiana, published in 1937: â€Å"The men, cut adrift from their usual routine, lost much of their sense of time and dawdled helplessly and dully about the streets; while in the homes the women’s world remained largely intact and the round of cooking, housecleaning, and mending became if anything more absorbing.† To put it another way, no housewife lost her job in the Depression† (Ware, S., nd., para. 3). While traditional gender roles seemed to take over men could not be expected to fill the role of receptionist or nurse, therefore women in these positions were able to maintain their employment although they usually took a pay cut. This lasted until America became part of World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. With the onset of World War II it became necessary for men and women to change their view on gender roles in the workforce. The men in the country were being mobilized to go to war, and the country needed someone to fill their positions. Who else could they turn to but the women of the country? Women took up jobs in factories manufacturing clothes and boots for soldiers; they started working in munitions plants and aircraft factories, shipyards, and railways. Women were mail carriers, transit workers, and taxi drivers. They worked on farms and picked crops. Every area of the workforce became focused on the war and creating that which was needed to win the war against Hitler. Some women took a place in the military. Many  women served as nurses for the army and the navy; however for the first time women were allowed to serve. According to the National Women’s History Museum (2007) â€Å"more than 400,000 women served, 432 died, and 88 were prisoners of war†. Women also served as pilots flying aircrafts from the place they were manufactured to the place where they were needed. â€Å"Eighteen classes of women graduated from the Army Air Forces flight training school; they called the Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASPs). These were the first women military pilots in U.S. history, and the nation needed them because there was a general shortage of trained pilots for the war. In total, 25,000 women applied, 1,800 were accepted, and 1,000 completed the training (Cole, 1995)† (Bowles, 2011, The World at War (1941-1945), para. 17). World War II could not last forever, and with its end men returned home expecting to have their positions back. Women who had found a purpose in working now found themselves no longer needed. They were sent back to their domestic sphere. â€Å"Families moved to the suburbs, fostered a baby boom, and forged a happy life of family togetherness in which everyone had a specified role. Women were considered domestic caregivers, with sole responsibility for the home and child rearing, while men ‘brought home the bacon.’ â€Å"Popular since the 1950s, this tenacious stereotype conjures mythic images of culture icons June Cleaver, Donna Reed, Harriet Nelson the quintessential white, middleclass housewives who stayed at home to rear children, clean house and bake cookies.† (Meyerowitz, 1994)† (Holt, J. (nd)., para. 1). America after World War II was a place of hope and new beginnings for many families in America. This was the time of the baby boom. Women were having more babies which increased their duties in the household therefore solidifying their role as caretaker. This was also a time of great consumerism. Many things were being created with the hope that it would make the lives of women easier such as vacuum cleaners, toasters, washing machines, and then of course there was the television. This allowed manufacturers to create commercial specifically geared towards the women of the household. It seemed as if the goal of most families was to be prosperous, happy members of society, but for the women of the 1950’s there was an underlying anger that stemmed from being removed from jobs that made them feel accomplished and good about themselves. â€Å"The culture was simply not portraying a lifestyle women wanted: indeed, studies indicate as many as 80% of post-war women felt working outside of the home would lead to a more satisfied life (Renzetti Curran, 2004)† (Holt, J. (nd)., para.8). It is this animosity that sets the stage for the women of the 1960’s and 1970’s. The women of the 1960’s and 1970’s were dissatisfied with their lives and the fact that they were being relegated to the role of housewife and mother. They wanted something else, something more than what they were being given. This is the beginning of the women’s liberation movement. Women watched as the civil rights movement was fought for, and gained insight into the fact that a movement could reach an entire nation. The civil rights movement breathed new life in to the women of this time. In 1966 the National Organization for Women (NOW) was created. The purpose of NOW was to bring about the true equality of women in America. According to NOW’s statement of purpose (1966) a majority of the women working outside the home â€Å"are in routine clerical, sales, or factory jobs, or they are household workers, cleaning women, hospital attendants† which indicates that the better jobs are going to the men. The statement (1966) also shows how poor the wages are for those women that are working outside the home with the women only earning 60% of what the men earn. One of the last things that the statement (1966) brings to light is the fact that well educated women are not able to hold jobs of importance in society. Women wanted a change in politics, education, and business. They wanted to be treated as equals. In 1972 the equal rights amendment was passed out of congress and ratified by 28 states, but that was not enough to make it a part of the constitution. This amendment would make it illegal for any form of gender discrimination. One major accomplishment of the women’s liberation movement was the ruling in Roe v. Wade which ended a ban on abortion in 46 states. The strides gained during these critical years were short lived as the 1980’s brought with it the idea that everything had been settled. Things essentially remained the same in the 1980’s. These were quiet times for women. More women were entering professional positions in their careers and achieving better education. There were some key accomplishments during the 1980’s such as the fact that the ERA expired in 1982. Sandra Day  O’Connor became the first woman justice of the Supreme Court in 1981. Sally Ride became the first woman in space in 1983. In 1984 Geraldine Ferraro was the first woman nominated for the office of vice president. President Ronald Reagan made it known that a teacher would be selected as the first private US citizen in space. This idea was called the Teacher in Space Program and on July 19, 1985 a high school teacher named Christa McAuliffe was selected to participate in this program. Unfortunately the joy of this accomplishment was short lived. On January 28, 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger took off it exploded 73 seconds into its journey killing everyone on it. In 1986 over half of college graduates are women. For most working women during the 1980’s there is the harsh realization that although they have made advancements in their respective fields; their advancements can only go so far before they hit the â€Å"glass ceiling†. It is obvious that the 1980’s had some large gains for women in society, but it also had some downfalls as well. The 1990’s saw great changes for women as they learned that they could be appointed to higher roles in the government. Madeleine Albright was appointed Secretary of State, Janet Reno became the United States Attorney General, Sheila Widnall became Secretary of the Air Force, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg became the second woman appointed to the Supreme Court. Women saw a boost in their sense of self-worth as several women including Anita Hill came forward to testify about the fact that they had been sexually harassed by Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. The fact that this case was put in the public eye showed women that they did not have to put up with sexual harassment, and gave many women the courage to stand up for themselves. In 1991 the Glass Ceiling Commission was created in order to ensure that women who are qualified for a job are not blocked from advancements. In 1993 emphasis is put on women in the work place as the first annual Take Our Daughters to Work Day is held. The Violence Against Women Act was established in 1994. This act made a priority out of investigating and prosecuting violent crimes against women. In 1997 General Claudia Kennedy became the first female three star general, and the WNBA is created. By 1999 some 60% of women work outside the home (Women of the Century, 2012). At this point it is obvious that there has been a huge shift in the way  Americans view women’s role in society. The role of women has changed drastically since 1865. There is even a drastic change in the way women are treated and viewed in just the last 50 years. The modern woman of the 21st century has moved out of the kitchen and into the workplace. Her focus has shifted from that of housekeeping and child bearing to that of education and career. â€Å"In the past, college was viewed by many as a place for women to find a husband or get their Mrs. Moving past that mentality has resulted in an increasingly large number of female college graduates, all coming from a variety of backgrounds (Sarna, M., 2004, para. 3). The education of women has gone from teaching them how to be the perfect wife and mother to giving them the opportunity to study anything they want including areas that were considered for men. Women are choosing to climb the corporate ladder rather than start a family. They are remaining single longer and waiting to have kids until their careers are solid. Women of today are living a completely different life than any of the women that have come before them. They have access to better education, careers, and are actually living longer than women in 1865. There are still people that maintain the idea that women should be barefoot and pregnant cooking for their husband, but that is not the thought of the majority. There is still progress to be made which is why the role of women is ever evolving. Women have faced many struggles, but they have been able to overcome those struggles and are no longer trapped in the domestic sphere of women in the past. References Bowles, M. (2011). A history of the United States since 1865. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Diane, D. (March 11, 2011). American History of Women in the 1990s. Retrieved from http://www.infobarrel.com/American_History_of_Women_in_the_1990s Evans, S. (2012). Women’s Liberation Movement. Retrieved from http://www.ourvoiceourcountry.org/research/womens-liberation-movement.aspx Hartman, D.W., (n.d.). Women’s Roles in the Late 19th Century. Conner Prairie Interactive History Park. Retrieved from http://www.connerprairie.org/Learn-And-Do/Indiana-History/America-1860-1900/Lives-Of-Women.aspx Holt, J. (nd). The Ideal Woman. Retrieved from http://www.csustan.edu/honors/documents/journals/soundings/Holt.pdf National Organization for Women Statement Purpose. (1966). Retrieved from http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111now.html Partners in Winning the War: American Women in World War II. (2007). National Women’s History Museum. Retrieved from http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/partners/10.html Pioneer Women: How the West was Really Won, (March 26, 2010), Friends of Homestead National Monument of America. Retrieved from http://homesteadcongress.blogspot.com/2010/03/pioneer-women-how-west-was-really won.html Radek, K. M. (2001). Women in the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Women in Literature. Retrieved from http://www2.ivcc.edu/gen2002/twentieth_century.htm Reforming Their World: Women in the Progressive Era. (2007). National Women’s History Museum. Retrieved from http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/progressiveera/suffrage.html Sarna, M. (January 13, 2004). Women Role-ing Into 21st Century: Womens Lifestyles Now Focus on Education, Jobs. Retrieved from http://www.palyvoice.com/node/13742 Stathopoulos, V. (2012). Christa McAuliffe. Retrieved from http://www.aerospaceguide.net/women_in_space/christa_mcauliffe.html The Seneca Falls Convention. (n.d.). National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved from http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm Ware, S. (nd.). Women and the Great Depression. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved from http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/great-depression/essays/women-and-great-depression Women Who Fought for the Vote. (2012). The History Channel website. Retrieved from

Architecture Of The California Missions Essays -- Architecture Essays

The Architectural History of the California Missions (1769-1823) You may already know that there are 21 missions today in the state of California. Starting in San Diego all the way past San Francisco, the missions remind us of an earlier time when the Spanish were colonizing Alta California. The California missions were started because the Spanish king wanted to create permanent settlements in the area of the New World called Alta California. The decision to create Spanish missions in California was political as well as religious. The Spanish government wanted to gain control in California before the Russians did. They also wanted to spread Christianity among the Native Americans (Johnson, page 5). Most of today's missions are active churches, some have held mass non-stop since their founding. Others are part of the California State Park system. All are modern day treasures and a path backwards in time to our beginnings. They have influenced many aspects of our history, and continue to be an important part of our state today. Thousands of peo ple annually visit the Missions and they find its architecture beautiful and interesting. The architecture of the California missions was influenced by many factors like the limitation in the materials, the lack of skilled workers, and the desire of the founding priest to imitate the structure of his Spanish homeland. The first thing they would do in the construction of missions was to find a location. Then they would decide what the position would be so that they would take the best advantage of the sun's position for interior illumination (Baer, page 42). After the position, they would lay out a map describing where everything would be located and constructed; starting from the pr... ...ssion had its purpose, for example; the windows were placed high for a reason not so that they would look nice. They would place them high so that they would allow the most light in and also to protect themselves from future attacks. I only hope that you could learn some of the interesting information that I learned through the reading of my paper, hope you like, BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.) Baer, k. Architecture of the California Missions. Los Angeles, CA: university of California press, 1958. 2.) Camphouse, M. Guidebook to the Missions of California. Los Angeles, CA: Anderson, Ritchie & Simon, 1974. 3.) Egenhoff, E. "Fabrica." California Journal of Mines and Geology. 1952 4.) Johnson, P. The California Missions. Menlo Park, CA: Lane Book Company, 1964. 5.) Newcomb, R. The Franciscan Mission Architecture of Alta California. New York, NY: Dover Publications, Inc, 1973.